Showing papers on "Carnosic acid published in 1992"
TL;DR: Both carnosol and carnosic acid stimulated DNA damage in the bleomycin assay but they scavenged hydroxyl radicals in the deoxyribose assay.
Abstract: 1. Carnosol and carnosic acid have been suggested to account for over 90% of the antioxidant properties of rosemary extract.2. Purified carnosol and carnosic acid are powerful inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in microsomal and liposomal systems, more effective than propyl gallate.3. Carnosol and carnosic acid are good scavengers of peroxyl radicals (CCl3O2) generated by pulse radiolysis, with calculated rate constants of 1–3 × 106M-1 S-1 and 2.7 × 107M-1 S-1 respectively.4. Carnosic acid reacted with HOCl in such a way as to protect the protein α1-antiproteinase against inactivation.5. Both carnosol and carnosic acid stimulated DNA damage in the bleomycin assay but they scavenged hydroxyl radicals in the deoxyribose assay. The calculated rate constants for reaction with ·OH in the deoxyribose system for carnosol and carnosic acid were 8.7 × 1010M-1 and 5.9 × 1010M-1 S-1 respectively.6. Carnosic acid appears to scavenge H2O2, but it could also act as a substrate for the peroxidase system.7. Carnosic acid a...
532 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to quantitate the content of carnosol, carnosic acid and ursolic acid in the rosemary extracts.
Abstract: Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) leaves were extracted with three different solvents, namely hexane, acetone and methanol. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system in combination with a mass detector was used to quantitate the content of carnosol, carnosic acid and ursolic acid in the rosemary extracts. All rosemary extracts showed strong inhibitory effects on lipid oxidation and soybean lipoxygenase activity.
205 citations
TL;DR: A ternary antioxidant vitamin mix as well as a rosemary extract with carnosic acid and carnosol as the two major active ingredients were shown to exhibit strong antimutagenic effects in Ames tester strain TA102, concluding that these antioxidants might exhibit anticarcinogenic properties.
Abstract: A ternary antioxidant vitamin mix consisting of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and lecithin as well as a rosemary extract with carnosic acid and carnosol as the two major active ingredients were shown to exhibit strong antimutagenic effects in Ames tester strain TA102. This strain has been shown to be highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species. Mutagenicity was induced by the generation of oxygen radicals by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (tBOOH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); therefore, the antimutagenic property of the above substances was attributed to their antioxidant properties. In the case of the vitamin mix, ascorbic acid was held responsible for this inhibitory property, whereas for the rosemary extract carnosic acid was identified as the antimutagenic agent. Since oxygen radicals are known to be involved in the multiprocess of carcinogenicity, it is concluded that these antioxidants might exhibit anticarcinogenic properties.
94 citations
TL;DR: Ethanolic extracts from dried leaves of sage showed inhibition of [35S]tertiary-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([ 35S]TBPS) binding to rat brain membranes in vitro, indicating that carnosic acid decreases the binding affinity.
33 citations
TL;DR: Neither the new compound nor carnosic acid could be obtained from 25-day-old plantlets which, however, contained 7-methoxyrosmanol, and the new diterpene and 16-acetoxycarnosol were isolated from seven- day-old in vitro grown plantlets of Salvia canariensis.
23 citations
TL;DR: A new oxygenated diterpene γ-lactone, 12-methoxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-20,11-olide, a derivative of carnosic acid (carnosic acids 12-methyl ether-γ lactone), has been isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia officinalis, along with three other known terpenoids: manool, rosmanol 7-ethyl ether and oleanic acid as mentioned in this paper.
20 citations
Patent•
16 Sep 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a 40 % - 95 x by weight solution of methanol or ethanol in water is used to extract oleoresin from the insolubles and adjusted to an alcohol content of less than 40 % in the case of ethanol or 60 % in case of methenol by either removal of the alcohol or by addition of water causing the precipitation of the oleorelsin which is separated from the solution and recovered.
Abstract: Herbal materials containing carnosic acid or herbal extracts containing carnosic acid are mixed with preferably a 40 % - 95 x by weight solution of methanol or ethanol in water. The solution is separated fron the insolubles and recovered and adjusted to an alcohol content of less than 40 % in the case of ethanol or 60 % in the case of methanol by either removal of the alcohol or by addition of water causing the precipitation of the oleoresin which is separated from the solution and recovered. The recovered oleoresin may be dried and has an enhanced content of carnosic acid as compared to the original herbal material or herbal extract, is substantially free of green coloration and unwanted flavor and aroma components and is soluble for the use intended in oils, fats and food-grade grain ethanol. The recovered oleoresin is an effective antioxidant with improved antioxidant activity as compared to the starting material.
11 citations
1 citations
Journal Article•
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a semipreparative HPLC method has been developed isolating carnosic acid among other phenolic diterpenes, identified by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 1H-NMR, mass and IR spectroscopy.
Abstract: The phenolic diterpene carnosic acid appears to be the main substance for general oxidation leading to artifacts with gamma- or delta-lactone structure in extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis. Until now it was only possible to prepare carnosic acid by hydrogenolysis of carnosol. A semipreparative HPLC method has been developed isolating carnosic acid among other phenolic diterpenes. The separated substances were identified by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 1H-NMR, mass and IR spectroscopy. Conversion of carnosic acid and carnosol to other phenolic diterpenes was investigated by HPLC.
TL;DR: It is suggested that, given the fortification of foods with iron and EDTA and the use of phenolic substances as 'antioxidant' food additives, the addition of albumin might afford some protection against damage to deoxyribose and DNA mediated by the above reactions.