TL;DR: In this study, diplurans were extracted from two hundred traps installed in the mountain ranges of six different regions of the Iberian Peninsula, from north to south: Cantabrian, Pyrenees, Iberic System, Central System, Prebaetic and Penibaetic Mountains, yielding 1251 specimens in fifteen dipluran species: thirteen described Campodeidae, one described Japygidae and one new Campodea species inhabiting the alluvial MSS habitats
Abstract: Although Iberian subsurface terrestrial habitats have been sampled for a half century, they remain poorly known. During the last five years much more sampling of these subsurface habitats has been made, mainly in scree slopes (also called colluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum habitats, MSS) but also in alluvial debris of temporal watercourses (alluvial MSS). In our study, diplurans, a basal hexapod group, were extracted from two hundred traps installed in 69 locations in the mountain ranges of six different regions of the Iberian Peninsula, from north to south: Cantabrian, Pyrenees, Iberic System, Central System, Prebaetic and Penibaetic Mountains. A total of 1251 specimens in fifteen dipluran species: thirteen described Campodeidae, one described Japygidae and one new Campodea species inhabiting the alluvial MSS habitats of the watercourses of Prebaetic Mountains. A few populations of these dipluran species show troglobiomorphic features as a consequence of the medium-sized voids of the MSS habitats, such as Campodea grassii Silvestri, 1912, collected in a scree slope connected with a deep subterranean system in Penyas Roset, Prebaetic Mountains. Most species found in MSS habitats are endogean or epiedaphic species living in the area, but this is not the case in Sierra de Guadarrama, where three species ( Campodea propinqua Silvestri, 1932 , Campodea neusae Sendra & Moreno, 2006 and Campodea zuluetai Silvestri, 1932 ) unknown in the soil of these mountains have appeared in these subsurface terrestrial habitats.
TL;DR: A biogeographically interesting new species of Campodeidae (Diplura) tinoamorei sp.
Abstract: A description is given of a biogeographically interesting new species of Campodeidae (Diplura), Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) tinoamorei sp. nov., a troglobiotic species found in the Sicilian Villasmundo and Scrivilleri caves. A second subterranean species already known from three caves in northwest Sicily near Palermo, Campodea (Campodea) majorica sicula Conde, 1957, also was studied. Both species were characterized with SEM. Each species belongs to a different monophyletic group: Plusiocampa s. str., with thoracic medial posterior macrosetae, and the group related to Campodea (Campodea) grassi Silvestri, 1912. Both groups are widely distributed on almost all of the large western Mediterranean islands. Nevertheless, although these two monophyletic groups have a different origin both could be dispersed via land connections between the mainland and the islands during the Messinian Age. This new discovery shows the great value of Sicilian caves that hold species with unique features and of high biogeographic significance.
TL;DR: The presence of accessory microtubules suggests that Diplura are the sister-group of the Insecta s.s., and the male genital system of Japyx is redescribed.
TL;DR: The external features of the embryo of the dipluran, Lepidocampa weberi Oudemans are described and the long germ band is formed, and blastokinesis is a simple flexion of the germ band.
TL;DR: In this article, complete mitochondrial genome sequences from two dipluran hexapods (i.e., a group of "primarily wingless insects") of the genus Campodea and compared to those of other arthropods are presented.