Camber angle

Abstract: In the four-wheeled vehicle, both the front and rear wheels are turned in response to operation of the steering wheel. The turning angle of the rear wheels is controlled in accordance with a turning angle ratio characteristic curve defined on a θF-θR plane wherein θF and θR respectively represent the turning angles of the front and rear wheels. The turning angle ratio characteristic curve is substantially a broken line having a positive inclination in the region where the value of the front wheel turning angle θF is smaller than a predetermined value and having a smaller inclination in the region where the value of the front wheel turning angle θF is larger than the predetermined value. The turning angle ratio characteristic curve is changed according to the vehicle speed so that the turning angle ratio θR/θF is increased as the vehicle speed increases.

Abstract: A rear wheel steer angle controlling apparatus for vehicles having steerable front and rear wheels, adapted for controlling the steer angle of rear wheels in response to the operation of the steering wheel for steering the front wheels. When the steering wheel is operated quickly, a rear wheel steer angle is formed in the counter direction to the direction of the front wheel steer angle, so that the response to the steering input for turning the vehicle is improved. Conversely, when the steering wheel is operated slowly, a rear wheel steer angle is formed in the same direction as the front wheel steer angle, thus enhancing the stability of the vehicle running straight. When the vehicle is running at a high speed, the rear wheel steer angle is formed always in the same direction as the front wheel steer angle regardless of the speed of operation of the steering wheel, so that the steering stability during high speed running is improved. When a yawing moment is generated due to a disturbance such as lateral wind, the rear wheel steer angle is automatically controlled in such a manner as to negate the yawing moment, thus compensating for the lateral displacement of the vehicle without requiring correcting steering operation by the driver.

Abstract: This is the second paper in a three–part study presenting an analytical approach for determining tyre dynamic properties. In this study analytical formulations are derived for the tyre dynamic properties as functions of the slip ratio, slip angle, camber angle and other tyre dynamic parameters. There formulae can be used for the general vehicle simultaneous in braking/traction and steering manoeuvres with a varying camber angle are regular or irregular terrains. In this paper the lateral force and self–aligning torque due to both slip and camber angles are first studied. The longitudinal, lateral forces and self–aligning torque during braking/traction and steering without any camber angle or with a varying camber angle are also analysed. Also, both the friction eclipse concept and the friction circle concept are investigated.

Abstract: A four-wheel steering system for a vehicle in which the rear wheels of a vehicle are turned in response to the turning of the front wheels of the vehicle upon operation of a steering wheel. The rear wheel steering is derived from the front wheel steering by way of a transmission shaft. The transmission shaft is supported rotatably and for sliding movement in the axial direction by way of a bearing fixed on the vehicle body. A stopper ring is fixed on the transmission shaft a short distance forward from the bearing to limit the backward sliding of the transmission shaft.