Calocybe

Abstract: Due to increasing environmental pollution, there is a need for cheap and effective methods to remove pollutants from water. Mushrooms can be used as a green adsorbent in modified and natural forms to remove pollutants such as dyes and heavy metals. The use of edible mushrooms is not judicious because edible mushrooms have good nutritive and medicinal properties. Alternatively, the use of spent mushroom substrates is advised. This review discusses the potential of spent mushroom substrate as a source of immobilized mushroom mycelium, which is produced in large amounts after harvesting of mushroom fruit bodies. In laboratory conditions, Agaricus, Pleurotus, Lentinus, Calocybe and their spent mushroom substrates are efficient adsorbents allowing 70–90% of removal of pollutants. The efficiency of spent mushroom is similar to that of mushroom. Chemisorption and physisorption processes are involved in the adsorption process. Langmuir isotherms reveal the involvement of monolayer adsorption irrespective of the use of mushroom fruit bodies or spent mushroom substrate. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis reveals the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino group in the adsorption of pollutants, dyes and heavy metals.

Abstract: Proximate composition and mineral content of five species of edible mushrooms namely Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus HK- 51 belonging to the family: Pleurotaceae and genus: Pleurotus and Calocybe indica belonging to the family: Tricholomataceae and Genus: Calocybe have been analyzed.Crude protein, total lipids, available carbohydrates, dietary fiber and total carbohydrates content in mushrooms were found to be in the ranges of 3.22-4.83, 0.41-1.05, 4.2-6.37, 0.58-1.11 and 4.82-7.48 g per 100g of fresh edible portion(EP) respectively. Moisture, total solids and ash content were found to be in the ranges of 85.95-90.07, 9.93-14.05 and 0.98-2.3 g/100g of fresh EP respectively. Where as total calorie values in mushrooms were found to be in the ranges of 35.51 - 50.03 Kcal / 100g fresh EP. The values of Zinc, copper, iron, sodium and potassium content in mushrooms were found to be in the ranges of 0.65-1.24, 0.14-0.91, 0.94- 1.81, 3.18-37.23 and 19.83-197.24 mg/100g of fresh EP respectively while calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and manganese content were in the ranges of 0.12-0.58, 27.26-51.21, 22.2-62.1 and 0.17-0.53 mg/100g of fresh EP respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12832 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.61-68

Abstract: Calocybella is a new genus established to accommodate Rugosomyces pudicus. Phylogenetic analyses based on a LSU-ITS sequence dataset place Calocybella sister to Gerhardtia from which it differs morphologically in the presence of clamp-connections and reddening context. The genus Gerhardtia is emended to also include taxa with smooth spores. According to our morphological analysis of voucher material, Calocybe juncicola s. auct. is shown to be Calocybella pudica.