Call-second

Abstract: To support latency sensitive traffic such as voice, network providers can either use service differentiation to prioritize such traffic or provision their network with enough bandwidth so that all traffic meets the most stringent delay requirements. In the context of wide-area Internet backbones, two factors make overprovisioning an attractive approach. First, the high link speeds and large volumes of traffic make service differentiation complex and potentially costly to deploy. Second, given the degree of aggregation and resulting traffic characteristics, the amount of overprovisioning necessary may not be very large. This study develops a methodology to compute the amount of overprovisioning required to support a given delay requirement. We first develop a model for backbone traffic which is needed to compute the end-to-end delay through the network. The model is validated using 331 one-hour traffic measurements collected from the Sprint IP network. We then develop a procedure which uses this model to find the amount of bandwidth needed on each link in the network so that an end-to-end delay requirement is satisfied. Applying this procedure to the Sprint network, we find that satisfying end-to-end delay requirements as low as 3 ms requires only 15% extra bandwidth above the average data rate of the traffic.

Abstract: A call delivery system (10) for delivering a call to a mobile unit (12) on a vehicle (14) includes both a data communications network (16) and a mobile voice communications network (20). The mobile unit (12) generates call delivery information and communicates this information to a platform (18) using the data communications network (16). The platform (18) receives a call for the mobile unit (12). The platform (18) retrieves call delivery information received from the mobile unit (12) and establishes communications between the platform (18) and the mobile unit (12) using the mobile voice communications network (20). The platform then completes the call between the caller (36, 40, 44) and the mobile unit (12). Alternatively, the platform (18) can generate a call back message for transmission to the mobile unit (12) using the data communications network (16).

Abstract: This paper presents a system for billing users for their TCP traffic. This is achieved by postponing the establishment of connections while the user is contacted, verifying in a secure way that they are prepared to pay. By presenting the user with cost and price information, the system can be used for cost recovery and to encourage efficient use of network resources. The system requires no changes to existing protocols or applications and can be used to recover costs between cooperating sites. Statistics collected from a four-day trace of traffic between the University of California, Berkeley, and the rest of the Internet demonstrate that such a billing system is practical and introduces acceptable latency. An implementation based on the BayBridge prototype router is described. Our study also indicates that pricing schemes may be used to control network congestion either by rescheduling time-insensitive traffic to a less expensive time of the day, or by smoothing packet transfers to reduce traffic peaks. >

Abstract: A traffic auditor ( 130 ) analyzes traffic in a communications network ( 100 ). The traffic auditor ( 130 ) performs traffic analysis on traffic in the communications network ( 100 ) and develops a model of expected traffic behavior based on the traffic analysis. The traffic auditor ( 130 ) analyzes traffic in the communications network ( 100 ) to identify a deviation from the expected traffic behavior model.