Calicotome

Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships of Cytisus and allied genera (Argyrocytisus, Calicotome, Chamaecytisus, Cytisophyllum, and Spartocytisus) were assessed by analysis of sequences of the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the cpDNA trnL-trnF intergenic spacer. Genera of the Genista-group (Chamaespartium, Echinospartum, Genista, Pterospartum, Spartium, Teline and Ulex) were included to check the position of Cytisus species transferred to Teline. The tree obtained by combining both sets of data indicates that the Genista and Cytisus groups form two separate clades. Cytisus heterochrous and C. tribracteolatus are more closely related to the Cytisus-group, thus their transfer to Teline is not supported by molecular data. Cytisus fontanesii (syn. Chronanthos biflorus) groups with Cytisophyllum sessilifolium and Cytisus heterochrous within the Cytisus-group. Similarly, Argyrocytisus battandieri falls within the Cytisus-group as a well differentiated taxon. All these taxa seem to have early diverged from the Cytisus-group. Their taxonomic rank should be reconsidered to better reflect their phylogenetic separation from Cytisus. On the contrary, Chamaecytisus proliferus and Spartocytisus supranubius enter in the main core of Cytisus, and they should better be included in sections of Cytisus (sect. Tubocytisus and Oreosparton, respectively). Sect. Spartopsis is not monophyletic and the position of several species, currently included in this section, deserves reevaluation: C. arboreus aggregate is closely related to C. villosus (sect. Cytisus) and to Calicotome; C. striatus is closely related to Cytisus sect. Alburnoides; and the position of C. commutatus (incl. C. ingramii) remains unclear. The relationships and positioning of several minor taxa (C. transiens, C. megalanthus, and C. maurus) are also discussed.

Abstract: Recent morphological and molecular research on Cytisus and allied genera has produced a great deal of new data relevant to systematics, which have not yet been incorporated into a consistent classification system of the genus. We have compared and evaluated recently published cladograms and phenograms based on morphological and molecular (nuclear and plastid DNA) characters. The genus Cytisus sensu lato, including Calicotome, Chamaecytisus, Chronanthus, and Lembotropis, appears to be monophyletic. A subdivision of the genus Cytisus in 13 sections is presented; one species, C. tribracteolatus, remains incertae sedis. A new section (C. sect. Dendrocytisus) and two new combinations for taxa in C. sect. Calicotome are proposed.

Abstract: Trifurcula pallidella (Duponchel, 1843) is recorded for the first time from 30 localities in south-eastern Poland The biology is described and illustrated in detail for the first time: the larva makes spindle shaped galls in stems of Chamaecytisus spp, Lembotropis nigricans, and Cytisus procumbens In Poland it is usually found on dry grassland or edges of woodland on calcareous soils The larva, pupa and galls are described and illustrated The distribution is revised and mapped on the basis of material and literature: its occurrence in Germany: Bavaria, Italy mainland and Sicily is confirmed, and new records are given for Corsica and Crete It is widespread from Southeast Poland southwards throughout the Balkans and eastwards to the Volga, in the West to Regensburg in Germany, southern Switzerland, western Italy and Corsica It is believed to use a different host in Mediterranean localities, possibly Calicotome All known hosts and Calicotome belong to the monophyletic Cytisus group of recent molecular studies Zusammenfassung Trifurcula pallidella (Duponchel, 1843) wird erstmals aus 30 Fundorten in Sudostpolen gemeldet Die Biologie wird zum ersten Mal detailliert beschrieben und abgebildet: die Raupe macht spindelformige Galle im Stengel von Chamaecytisus spp, Lembotropis nigricans, und Cytisus procumbens In Polen wird die Art meistens in Trockenrasen oder an Waldrander auf Kalkunter- grund gefunden Die Raupe, Pupe und Galle werden beschrieben und abgebildet Die Gesamtverbreitung wird auf Grund von Material und Literatur revidiert und auf einer Karte abgebildet: das Vorkommen in Deutschland: Bayern, auf dem Italienischen Festland und Sizilien wird bestatigt, und die Art wird von Korsika und Kreta neu nachgewiesen T pallidella ist weit verbreitet, von Sudostpolen bis uber die Balkanhalbinsel im Suden und nach Osten bis zur Wolga, im Westen bis Regensburg in Deutschland, die Sudschweiz, Westitalien und Korsika Es wird angenommen dass T pallidella im Mittelmeerraum andere Futterpflanzen nutzt, wahrscheinlich Calicotome Alle bekannten Futterpflanzen und Calicotome gehoren zur monophyletische Cytisus-Gruppe die auch in rezenten molekularen Studien anerkannt wird

Abstract: Trifurcula pallidella (Duponchel, 1843) is recorded for the first time from 30 localities in south-eastern Poland. The biology is described and illustrated in detail for the first time: the larva makes spindle shaped galls in stems of Chamaecytisus spp., Lembotropis nigricans, and Cytisus procumbens. In Poland it is usually found on dry grassland or edges of woodland on calcareous soils. The larva, pupa and galls are described and illustrated. The distribution is revised and mapped on the basis of material and literature: its occurrence in Germany: Bavaria, Italy mainland and Sicily is confirmed, and new records are given for Corsica and Crete. It is widespread from Southeast Poland southwards throughout the Balkans and eastwards to the Volga, in the West to Regensburg in Germany, southern Switzerland, western Italy and Corsica. It is believed to use a different host in Mediterranean localities, possibly Calicotome. All known hosts and Calicotome belong to the monophyletic Cytisus group of recent molecular studies.