Calappa

Abstract: The Indo-Pacific species of Calappa Weber, 1795 are revised. Specimens have been collected from the intertidal to depths over 380 m, with nine species from water depths greater than 100 m. One new genus of calappid crab is established: Calappula, for Calappa saussurei Rathbun, 1898 and C. lortugae Rathbun, 1933 from each side of the Central American Isthmus. Five new species are described: C. conifera, C. matsuzawa, C. monilicanthus, C. sebastieni, and C. torulosa. All taxa are described and illustrated, detailed synonymies are listed, and a key is provided.

Abstract: Five species of calappid crabs from the southwestern Atlantic that belong to the genera Calappa, Cyclozodion new genus, and Paracyclois are analyzed on the basis of morphology, morphometries, geographic, and bathymetric range. Calappa tortugae, new rank, known in the past as C. angusta in the broad sense, is restricted and compared with its eastern Pacific twin species, C. saussurei. Two small species placed in Cyclozodion were until now unrecognized and partly included in Calappa angusta, broad sense. Cyclozodion angustum, a relatively smooth form, is the type species of the new genus, and C. tuberatum, a rough form superficially resembling Calappa tortugae, is described as new. Species of both Paracyclois and the Early Tertiary genus Calappilia in which it was subsumed are reviewed, the former is revalidated, and its only two species, western Atlantic P. atlantis and western Indo-Pacific P. milneedwardsii, are rediagnosed. Diagnoses and discriminations are accompanied by illustrations. Keys to calappid genera in the Western Atlantic, and for identification of Cyclozodion and Paracyclois species are given. Holthuis (1958) revised five species of West Indian box crabs, Calappa cinerea Holthuis 1958, C. flammea (Herbst 1794), C. nitida Holthuis 1958, C. ocellata Holthuis 1958, and C. sulcata Rathbun 1898, but a species from that region known until now as C. angusta A. Milne Edwards 1880 was not included in his paper because the collection he studied included no representatives of that form. We find that this latter species is not at all well defined, and the purpose of this paper is to clarify its status and that of similar species in related genera. Samples of decapod crustaceans from exploratory trawling by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries RV Pelican, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service RV Combat, National Marine Fisheries Service RV Silver Bay, RV Oregon, and RV Oregon II deposited in the crustacean collection of the National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Smithsonian Institution, contain specimens of a seldom reported calappid crab, Paracyclois atlantis Chace 1939, 1940 from the Caribbean region of the western North Atlantic, and representatives of a genus not previously recognized. Two small calappid species in the catalogued USNM crustacean collection have been attributed to Calappa angusta A. Milne Edwards 1880 by Rathbun (1937) and other authors (see Williams Systematics Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560. department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560. 1984) on the basis of what were thought to be juvenile characters exhibited by the carapace of that species. Review of the material in the USNM shows this concept to be in error. Moreover, representatives of the extant type series of C. angusta in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, consist of very small juveniles, a holotype and four paratypes in which definitive characters are poorly developed, that surprisingly belong not to one but three calappid species. "Calappa angusta" as presently understood is in reality a complex of species belonging in Calappa Weber 1895 and the previously unrecognized genus. Only two species of Paracyclois Miers 1886 have been described, the above mentioned, and the type species, P. milneedwardsii Miers 1886, from the western Indo-Pacific. Glaessner (1969) synonymized Paraclyclois with Calappilia A. Milne Edwards 1873, considered until that time to include only species of Middle Eocene to Upper Oligocene ages in North America, Europe, and the East Indian region, but did not discuss reasons for his action. Because our determinations involved generic placement of material from trawl samples, we reviewed literature concerned with both of these genera and studied specimens of selected species of Calappilia in the fossil crustacean collection of the USNM. Austin B. Williams developed the text, C. Allan Child rendered the drawings, and both of us identified and cross-checked material. Manuscript accepted August 1988. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 87:105-121. 105 FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 87, NO. 1 Key to Recent genera of Calappidae in the western Atlantic Ocean 1. Chelae essentially symmetrical, no unusually enlarged teeth or protuberances, Subfamily Matutinae 2 Chelae dissimilar, major chela with large tooth on dactyl and pair of protuberances on propodus, Subfamily Calappinae 3 2. Carapace considerably broader than long, regularly convex above Hepatus Latreille 1802 Carapace nearly as long as broad, dorsal surface uneven Osachila Stimpson 1871 3. Posterolateral region of carapace not expanded into dentate, winglike projection.... 4 Posterolateral region of carapace expanded into dentate, winglike projection 5 4. Merus of cheliped bispinous on distal outer surface, with lower spine strong and greatly extended laterally Acanthocarpus Stimpson 1871 Merus of cheliped not bispinous on distal outer surface, carapace subcircular, small spine at lateral angle Cycloes De Haan 1837 5. Pereopod 5 with articles spineless 6 Pereopod 5 with row of spines on flexor surface of ischium-merus Paracyclois Miers 1886 6. Greatest span of winglike posterolateral projections less than maximal span between anterolateral margins; outer proximolateral corner of palm bearing short, flattened, smoothly crested ridge Cyclozodion new genus Greatest span of winglike posterolateral projections exceeding maximal span between anterolateral margins; outer proximolateral corner of palm bearing flattened acute spine or subrectangular ridge Calappa Weber 1795 Calappa tortugae Rathbun 1933, new rank

Abstract: Based on the obtained crab species f rom the investigation of shrimp and c rab species in May,August and November of 1998and Febru ary of 1999,as well as the ones reported in the documents,this paper made a fully research on the geograph ical distribution and faunal characteristic of crab species in the East China Sea for the purpose of getting a full v iew.The results showed that the most among the 324kinds of crab species belongs to the warm water species of s ubtropical and tropical zones in the East China Sea,and the fauna of crab species belonged to Japan -China subregion of India and Western Pacific Ocean,which has better relationship to Japan than to the South China Sea,and has little relation to the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.Faunal component of crab species in different regions ex hibits a bit distinct.For instance,tropical component tends to go up fro m North to South and from intertidal zo ne and coastal shallow sea to deep -se a zone.Meanwhile,it seems that some crab species with tropical characte ristic are distributing near at 31°N,the border of North.However,it's worth-while to indicate that,through inve stigation and study,geographical distribution in the East China Sea are more intensive than that reported in the d ocuments.They are all beyond the estuarine of Yangtze River towards 33°N or the south west of Jizhou island and not only distributed in the south of Yan gtze River estuary such as Portunus sanguinolentus,Portunus grasilim anus and Calappa iophos.