Caesionidae

Abstract: Background Coral reefs are areas of maximum biodiversity, but the parasites of coral reef fishes, and especially their species richness, are not well known. Over an 8-year period, parasites were collected from 24 species of Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae and Caesionidae off New Caledonia, South Pacific.

Abstract: Twenty six of 28 species of snappers (Lutjanidae), examined for dactylogyrids (Monogenoidea) from the Red Sea, the Indo-west and eastern Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, were infected: 18 species with Euryhaliotrema spp., 17 with species of Haliotrematoides n. gen. and eight with species of undetermined dactylogyrid genera. Two species of fusiliers (Caesionidae) and one species of porgy (Sparidae) were also examined and found positive for species of Haliotrematoides. Haliotrematoides n. gen., supported by both 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA analyses, was proposed for 15 new and 15 previously described species of Haliotrema (s. l.) from lutjanid, caesionid and sparid hosts: Haliotrematoides hatzenbuehlerae n. sp., Haliotrematoides brachyflagellocirrus n. comb., Haliotrematoides caesionis n. comb., Haliotrematoides calcaris n. comb., Haliotrematoides cornigerum n. comb., Haliotrematoides gracilihamus n. comb., Haliotrematoides guttati n. comb., Haliotrematoides heteracantha n. comb., Haliotrematoides isolens n. sp., Haliotrematoides lanx n. sp., Haliotrematoides longihamus n. comb., Haliotrematoides longitubocirrus n. comb., Haliotrematoides magnigastrohamus n. comb., Haliotrematoides mastigion n. sp., Haliotrematoides mediohamides n. sp., Haliotrematoides mediohamus n. comb., Haliotrematoides nagibinae n. sp., Haliotrematoides noncalcaris n. comb., Haliotrematoides noncalcaroides n. sp., Haliotrematoides novaecaledoniae n. sp., Haliotrematoides overstreeti n. sp., Haliotrematoides parvicirrus n. comb., Haliotrematoides patellacirrus n. comb., Haliotrematoides plectridium n. sp., Haliotrematoides potens n. sp., Haliotrematoides prolixohamus n. sp., Haliotrematoides shenzhenensis n. comb., Haliotrematoides spinatus n. sp., Haliotrematoides tainophallus n. sp., Haliotrematoides zhukovi n. sp. The new genus was characterized by dactylogyrids having 1) an unique hook distribution with pairs 1, 2, 3, 7 on the peduncle or trunk of the body, pair 5 associated with the point and distal shaft of the ventral anchors, and pairs 4 and 6 located at the level of the anchor bases or shifted anteriorly to the union of the haptor and peduncle; 2) dorsal anchors lacking well-developed deep roots and having perforated bases, elongate relatively straight shafts, and superficial grooves on the distal portions of the shafts and/or points; 3) ventral anchors with developed basal roots, an elongate shaft, and superficial grooves along the distal portions of the shafts and/or points; 4) a ventral bar usually with two submedial pockets along the anterior margin; and 5) a copulatory complex lacking an accessory piece. New host and locality records for some previously described species were reported.

Abstract: Explicit cladistic and evolutionary methods are available to infer dendrogram struc? tures that represent cladistic and anagenetic relationships. Formal Linnaean ranking from these dendrograms, however, has largely been done subjectively. For a classification of 20 species of fusilier fishes restricted to three ranks, there are 18 possible combinations of taxa that can be used for supraspecific ranks from the quantitative evolutionary analysis presented here and a minimum of 13 possible ranks for a cladistic classification. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate with the Caesionidae a method of choosing objectively among possible evolutionary and cladistic classifications, using the dendrogram structure of the Linnaean hierarchy and the optimality criterion of information content. A sequenced, annotated, quantitative evolutionary classification is chosen to represent the Caesionidae based on its ability to reflect both cladistic and patristic relationships, its high information content, and its stability with respect to pre? viously used classifications. (Optimality criteria; information content; quantitative evolutionary systematics; classification; cladistics; Linnaean hierarchy.) There are explicit methods for inferring phylogenetic diagrams that can be used as the basis for both cladistic (Felsenstein, 1982) and quantitative evolutionary sys? tematic classification (Estabrook, 1986; Meacham and Duncan, 1987; Stuessy, 1987, 1990; Hall, 1991; Mayr and Ashlock, 1991). There are specific rules for translating a cladogram into a cladistic classification, al? though there are many conventions (Wi? ley, 1981) that result in a number of pos? sible classifications. Choice among them is largely subjective. Rules for producing classifications from quantitative evolution? ary systematic diagrams have not been ex? plicit. The desire to choose classifications

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