Abstract: The following text is taken from the publisher's website: "Splintering Urbanism offers a path-breaking analysis of the nature of the urban condition at the start of the new millennium. Adopting a global and interdisciplinary perspective, it reveals how new technologies and increasingly privatised systems of infrastructure provision - telecommunications, highways, urban streets, energy, and water - are supporting the splintering of metropolitan areas across the world. The result is a new 'socio-technical' way of understanding contemporary urban change, which brings together discussions about: * globalisation and the city * the urban and social effects of new technology * urban, architectural and social theory * social polarisation, marginalisation and democratisation * infrastructure, architecture and the built environment * developed, developing and post-communist cities."

Abstract: Part 1 * On the Built Environment the Urban Influences * Climate and Climate Change * Wind Patterns in Urban Environments * Wind Patterns in Urban Environments * Thermal Balance in the Urban Environment * Heat-island Effect * The Canyon Effect * The Energy Impact of the Urban Environment * Short-wave Radiation * Urban Pollution * The Role of Green Spaces * Appropriate Materials for the Urban Environment * Applied Lighting Technology for Urban Buildings * Active Solar Heating Systems for Urban Areas * Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation in the Urban Environment * Urban Settlements * Part 2 * Guidelines for Integrating Energy Conservation Techniques in Urban Buildings * Examples of Urban Buildings * Appendix * Index

Abstract: An increasing body of evidence suggests that moderate forms of physical activity (such as walking and bicycling), when engaged in regularly, can have important beneficial effects on public health. This article reviews current public health, planning, and urban design research to determine, first, how walking and bicycling might be critically important exercise behaviors for improving public health, second, how urban form affects the frequency of walking and bicycling as a form of physical activity, and third, how the public health considerations outlined in this article might reorient planners' thinking toward the realization of health-promotive environments. The current lack of emphasis on the interdependencies between built form and overall quality of life, as measured by health, safety, and welfare considerations, suggests the need for a rethinking of public policy approaches to transportation investment and land development.

Abstract: The reality of the built environment for disabled people is one of social, physical and attitudinal barriers which prevent their ease of mobility, movement and access. In the United Kingdom, most homes cannot be accessed by wheelchair, while accessible transport is the exception rather than the rule. Pavements are littered with street furniture, while most public and commercial buildings provide few design features to permit disabled people ease of access.Inclusive Design is a documentation of the attitudes, values and practices of property professionals, including developers, surveyors and architects, in responding to the building needs of disabled people. It looks at the way in which pressure for accessible building design is influencing the policies and practices of property companies and professionals, with a primary focus on commercial developments in the UK. The book also provides comments on, and references to, other countries, particularly Sweden, New Zealand, and the USA.

Abstract: This paper provides a critical review of “Defensible Space” (Newman, 1973) and traces the development of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in America and Canada, and Secured By Design (SBD) initiatives in the UK. It is argued that various aspects of the theory have avoided consideration and require further investigation and research. It is opined that “defensible space” is the theoretical foundation to both CPTED and SBD and it is posited that a thorough re‐examination of Newman’s ideas will serve to deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between the built environment and crime. British (BS8220) and European (CEN TC/325) Standards relating to urban planning and environmental design and crime reduction are currently receiving detailed deliberation and are based firmly upon Newman’s ideas. The projected need for some 4.4 million new homes in Britain (DOE, 1995) by 2016 and Lord Roger’s call for improvements in urban design to reduce suburban migration from cities (DETR, 1999) reiterates the importance of the subject matter. This paper (the first of two) recognises that design per se does not represent the panacea for reducing criminogeneity, rather, that “defensible space” CPTED and SBD should be considered as crime prevention strategies, which can, in common with all other initiatives, contribute to tackling the problem of residential crime. In conclusion, it is argued that further research concerning how “defensible space” is perceived by various crucial stakeholders in society is the way forward in this regard. A second, forthcoming paper (PM, Vol. 19 No. 3) will present these research findings.

Abstract: Defensible space (DS) theory proposes that the built environment can promote neighborhood safety and community by encouraging residents’ appropriation of near-home space. This article examined the relationship between three different forms of resident appropriation and residents’ experiences of neighborhood safety and community. Results from a survey of 91 public housing residents living in moderately defensible spaces suggested that residents who defended near-home space through territorial appropriation experienced the neighborhood as a safer, more cohesive community than did residents who did not appropriate space in this way. Residents who spent more time outside experienced the neighborhood as a safer place; however, casual social interaction in near-home space was not consistently related to outcomes. While no causal information is available from the correlational data presented here, this work takes an important step of providing empirical evidence of a systematic link between certain aspects of re...

Abstract: Cities are providing the physical environment for an increasing number of the world's citizens. They are also becoming the locus for a variety of "virtual", networked digitally-based economic, political, and cultural activities. Digital cities represent a new manifestation of this phenomenon. Digital cities, like their physical analogies, geographical or "real" cities, are only so much infrastructure unless animated with human social presence. This paper focuses on this social presence, particularly the type of social presence typified by the idea of "citizen," for it is primarily through the work of this social entity that social problems get addressed and social "progress" is furthered. Several socio-technical innovations such as community networks are explored as are possible roles for the computer professional.

Abstract: Introduction.- The City at the Beginning of a New Millennium.- The Genesis and the Implications of the Postindustrial City.- Locality and Community: the Significance of Place.- Grounding the Global: Cities in a World System.- The Divided City: the Ecology of Postindustrial Places.- Culture and the Urban: Commodity, Understanding and Resource.- The Production and Reproduction of the Built Environment.- Politics and Governance in Urban Places.- Conclusion.- Notes.- Bibliography.- Index.

Abstract: Real estate development is the process through which cities are built. It concerns all aspects relating to the creation of new real estate projects and adding value to existing projects – site selection, design, finance, entitlements, construction, leasing, and operations. This article addresses the steps of development, industry structure, property types, design and density, and the stages of development and real estate finance. It deals with the impact of business cycles, institutionalization of the industry, smart growth/urban sprawl, public–private development, technology, and sustainability on real estate development, both public and private. It concludes with the special social responsibilities that developers have for the built environment.

Abstract: List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Strangers and Visitors Or, The Impossibility of Tourism in American Cities, 1830s-1870s "Leisure Is the Parent of Mischief" "Localities and Objects of Interest" 2. Refining Travel: Railroads and Extra-Fare Cars, 1850-1915 "Vexations and Annoyances" Democratic Luxury 3. At Home in the City: First-Class Urban Hotels, 1850-1915 "The Tangible Republic" Masters and Servants 4. "Why Not Visit Chicago": Tour Companies and City Business Organizations, 1870-1915 "The Raw and the Cook'd" Selling the City 5. "An Individuality All Its Own": Tourist City and Tourist Citizens, 1876-1915 Urban Personality and the Tourist Creating Urban Landscapes 6. "The Noble Spectacle": Historical Walking Tours and Ethnic Slumming, 1890s-1915 "A Sweet and Stately Epic" "A Panopticon of Peep Shows" Conclusion: A Nice Place to Visit Notes Bibliographic Essay Index

Abstract: The diversity of developer behaviour and its implications for the built environment require investigation. The paper illustrates this with six types of developer behaviour identified in two small but rapidly growing east coast Australian local government areas and comments on the their implications for the nature of urban development.

Abstract: Saudi Arabia has experienced rapid growth inurban development since the 1960s. This urbangrowth is not based on the traditional urbanplanning principles which have been followed inSaudi Arabia for many centuries. Instead,various imported urban forms and planningregulations have been implemented in thecountry. These relate neither to thetraditional built environment and culture norto the local climate of the city. As a result,major cultural and climatic problems haveoccurred. The aim of this paper is to identify andanalyze the types of built environment inRiyadh, as an example of Saudi Arabia's cities,and discuss the cultural conflicts resultingfrom the use of imported planning principlesand regulations. In light of this analysis anddiscussion, the planning regulations will bereviewed and recommendations will be made foramendments.

Abstract: (2001). 'When in doubt, preserve': exploring the traces of teaching and material culture in English schools. History of Education: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 117-127.

Abstract: Mackie's specialised study aims to assess the so-called social complexity' of hunter-gatherers based on an analysis of the spatial patterning of communities on Western Vancouver Island in Canada. Much of the study contains a methodology, that includes the use of GIS, for determining the mobility, building and social practice of populations on the Northwest coast of Canada.

Abstract: In the 1990s, cultural analyses have become an integrated part of urban theory, and culture is often seen as an important factor in the interpretation of both the structural changes of society and the multiplicity of life forms. But culture is not only used as a means to understand actual changes; equally often it is used as a tool to create changes. Under the headings of culture and space, culture and place, and culture and urban policy, the article presents a general view of recent urban theoretical attempts to grasp the role of culture, first in a global, secondly in a local and thirdly in an urban political perspective. The analyses of culture and space focus on the central role of culture and the cultural industries in the reconstruction of the economy, which took place after the economic recession in the 1970s. The spatial consequences of this reconstruction are discussed in terms of globalization, polarization and hierarchization. The analyses of culture and place strive to increase the knowledge of how the structural changes have affected the built environment and the social and cultural life of the city. The consequences are often discussed in terms of gentrification, aesthetization and privatization of public space. Special attention is paid to the growing social polarization and segregation. The analyses of culture and urban policy focus on the role of culture in the effort to strengthen the competitiveness of the city. Two different strategies are discussed, an instrumental one which directly aims at economic growth, and an integrative one where the goal is to restore the cultural hegemony. (Less)

Abstract: Preface Introduction Structures Renewed Dialogue with Climatic Forces Genesis of Natural Forces Atomic Architecture The Power of the Brief Shape, Texture and Flow Global Warning Landscape Sustained by Nature Towards the Light An Architecture of Smell Dynamic Cities A Breath of Fresh Air Embodied Energy More for Less Post Air--Conditioned Architecture Working with the Elements The Design of Sustainable New Towns Interactive Urbanism Sculpting with Energy Structural Substance of Composite Detailing Engaging Pre--Engineering Technology in Chongqing, China Delivering a Sustainable Future List of Projects.

Abstract: This article examines the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and community development corporations (CDC). It is hypothesized that housing tenure and race are correlated with CDC emergence. The methodology for this analysis is primarily quantitative. Variables from the US Census are analyzed using logistic regression. Results from this analysis are augmented with ethnographic and archival data. In particular, data from interviews with CDC directors are examined to understand how neighbourhood characteristics and the community development industry system influence CDC development. This study’s findings assist planners in understanding how demographic characteristics of communities and interorganizational networks shape the services CDCs provide. Sources of CDC Emergence The first community development corporations (CDC) were formed in the late 1960’s to address poverty and disinvestment in minority communities across the USA. In essence, these organizations were envisioned to have a strong grassroots orientation and address the social and physical development needs of neighborhoods where disenfranchised groups were concentrated. In many respects, CDCs were originally conceived as organizations that would promote alternative development in the United States, and they were designed in a manner that paralleled the structure and function of nongovernmental organizations (NGO) in developing nations. If fact, many of COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL VOL. 36 NO. 3 July 2001 pp. 234–245 Robert Mark Silverman © 2001 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 07 Silverman (to/K) 15/6/01 7:48 am Page 234

Abstract: Urban Design Guidelines have been used in Jakarta for controlling the form of the built environment. This planning instrument has been implemented in several central city redevelopment projects particularly in superblock areas. The instrument has gained popularity and implemented in new development and conservation areas as well. Despite its popularity, there is no formal literature on the Indonesian Urban Design Guideline that systematically explain its contents, structure and the formulation process. This dissertation attempts to explain the substantive of urban design guideline and the way to control its implementation. Various streams of urban design theories are presented and evaluated in term of their suitability for attaining a high urbanistic quality in major Indonesian cities. The explanation on the form and the practical application of this planning instrument is elaborated in a comparative investigation of similar instrument in other countries; namely the USA, Britain and Germany. A case study of a superblock development in Jakarta demonstrates the application of the urban design theories and guideline. Currently, the role of computer in the process of formulating the urban design guideline in Indonesia is merely as a replacement of the manual method, particularly in areas of worksheet calculation and design presentation. Further support of computer for urban planning and design tasks has been researched in developed countries, which shows its potential in supporting decision-making process, enabling public participation, team collaboration, documentation and publication of urban design decisions and so on. It is hoped that the computer usage in Indonesian urban design process can catch up with the global trend of multimedia, networking (Internet/Intranet) and interactive functions that is presented with examples from developed countries.

Abstract: The paper focuses on the South African housing policy, identifying gaps and constraints in the critical areas of location of housing, housing afordability, access to credit, housing and health, and the quality of the built environment created in the implementation of the policy. It also addresses the policy's sustainability and seeks ways in which responsive places can be created.

Abstract: The Netherlands is a physically small, densely peopled, and governmentally centralised country, with a high degree of social homogeneity, centrally located between major European cultural blocs of Germany, France and Britain. In The Netherlands the Monumentenwet (Monument Act) 1961 consolidated previous legislation about individual monuments, increased the possibilities of governmental subsidy for restoration but also recognised the importance of ensembles by creating the beschermde stads(dorps) gezicht (Protected urban (village) scene). The expansion of the lists of monuments and the designation of ever-wider conservation areas has not only increased the number of buildings but also altered their nature. The expanding number of preserved buildings and areas and the increasing role of conservation within local planning have shifted the focus from architectural preservation to the place of fostered historicity within much wider issues. In The Netherlands these have included sharp debates upon the social consequences of area designation and the role of built environment conservation within functioning of inner cities in particular.

Abstract: Review: Reshaping the Built Environment; Ecology, Ethics, and Economics By Charles J. Kibert (Ed.) Reviewed by On-Kwok Lai Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan Charles J. Kibert (Ed.). Reshaping the Built Environment: Ecology, Ethics, and Economics. Washington DC: Island Press, 1999. 362 pp. ISBN: 1- 55963-701-3 (cloth); ISBN: 1-55963-702-1 (paper). US$45.00 cloth; US$27.50 paper. Recycled, acid-free paper. Now is the right moment for us to reshape our built environment for sustainable development, as time is not on our side. Under the pro-growth development paradigm, in the name of economic progress and development, people have been colonizing nature and turning it into building structures of all kinds, which house people for various purposes. Yet the built environment is the source of environmental problems, hence leading us to an unsustainable future. For outlining an alternative vision for sustainable development, this edited volume is a timely, welcome contribution. It articulates ecologically sound thinking upon the broad range of complex issues connected to reshaping the built environment, and also offers concrete, feasible solutions. Derived from the University of Florida's Rinker Eminent Scholar Series on Sustainability in the Built Environment (1998), the volume is arranged, after a succinct introduction, around three sets of ecological relations, synergies, and praxis. The foundations part (chapters 2-5) discusses the underlying frameworks/approaches for thinking about how the built environment should be reshaped, with specific reference to ecological, ethical, and economic considerations. It is followed by the content part (chapters 6-10) which addresses the key resource implications of the built environment: the shift towards a renewable and sustainable (solar) energy supply and conservation, building materials, the alternative processing of clean (waste) water, learning from the natural system for greening of land forms and regenerative landscapes, and the case for green building production processes. The process part (chapters 11-18) advocates the ecologically sound role model for various agencies involved in the built environment life cycle: architects, planners, and the government. Despite their different roles, the design and the process, as well as the product of building, should mimic natural processes and complement rather than destroy natural systems. Two positive aspects of this book should be noted. First, in spite of the

Abstract: Construction is an old and practice-oriented discipline. Its end products, buildings, are assembled and maintained to meet the needs of their users and owners. In other words: buildings provide services to other stakeholders (Figure 15.1). It means that construction, together with its support network (design, manufacturing etc.), should today and tomorrow produce facilities — not that much from its own aspirations — but rather to serve users in their operations and owners in their businesses in a rapidly changing and demanding market environment (Huovila, 1999). Buildings should meet, not only the needs of their first users and owners, but also their future users and owners. This paper tries to expose the sustainability of buildings over their life span as part of the real estate and construction cluster and as part of the built environment. Urban issues are not discussed in detail in this paper and the emphasis is in the environmental aspects.

Abstract: The growth of cities represents huge problems for modern societies The explanation of the phenomena involves the description true 3D space as well as changes over time However, there is a general lack of true 4D data The current paper describes how to combine generally available spatial databases and administrative registers to create a quasi- 4D database for the built environment Although this 4D database might seem simple, it is used widely in urban planning and environmental monitoring and modelling

Abstract: More than 82% of the world’s population lives in so-called developing countries. These countries still need to construct a great number of houses and infrastructure. In other words, the developing world is still under construction and, potentially, can benefit very much from service life planning tools. However, several constraints like low environmental concern, the self-help construction scheme, higher interest rates and a lack of technical data and experts constitute barriers.

Abstract: Quality of life in California depends in many ways on the freedom of people and goods to move safely from place to place when they want to do so, in a timely manner, at reasonable cost, and with reasonable choices among modes and routes of travel. However, our desire for mobility must be tempered by due concern for the natural and built environment, and like all aspects of public policy, the provision of mobility must be framed by realistic consideration of available financial resources. This report examines the system by which California raises money for transportation and assesses its adequacy and appropriateness for current and future needs.