Abstract: Since 1970, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) has been making efforts in studies of future high-definition television systems in response to the expected demands of a future postindustrial society. The standards and signal systems and transmission parameters appropriate to high-definition TV are discussed. Several TV standards and the desired signal-to-noise ratios that will fit in with various viewing conditions from the viewpoint of the characteristics of the human visual system are described. Also described are the transmission primaries of the system and the signal parameters being used for a 1125-scanning-line system, which is the tentative standard chosen by NHK. In November 1978 and March 1979, transmission tests of the high-definition TV system were carried out via the broadcasting satellite "Yuri" in Japan.

Abstract: A retransmission Protocol for a broadcast connection (point-to-multipoint) is proposed and its performance characteristics are considered. The protocol is designed for transfers of large files Over a satellite channel that is time-shared to carry both the data from the broadcasting transmitter and the set of acknowledgments from the multiple receiver sites. A mathematical model of the transmission system that includes separate error processes for uplink and downlink errors on data transmissions, and similar processes for errors on the acknowledgment frames as well, is used to analyze the performance of the scheme. Exact analytical expressions for the relative throughput of the channel are obtained for two special cases: 1) the uplink is error-free; and 2) the acknowledgments are error-free. For the general case, upper and lower bounds are derived and are shown to be virtually indistinguishable for many practical sets of system parameters. The results demonstrate that the broadcasting of large files to multiple receivers can be done both efficiently and reliably.

Abstract: A radio system providing two-way radio communications between a mobile radio transmitting and receiving station operating in a first frequency range and a stationary radio transmitting and receiving station operating in a second frequency range via a radio broadcasting device disposed in a motor vehicle The broadcasting device includes a motor vehicle mounted radio transmitting and receiving station as well as a motor vehicle mount which is essentially provided with holding and connecting means for at least two hand-held radio communications devices operating in the first frequency range, a current supply circuit connected with the motor vehicle battery and a function transfer device One hand-held communications device can be used as such a mobile radio transmitting and receiving station outside the motor vehicle Radio communication takes place, in the first frequency range, from the hand-held communications device used outside the motor vehicle via the other hand-held device which is in its mount in the motor vehicle and, in the second frequency range, from the other hand-held device via the function transfer device and the motor vehicle mounted radio transmitting and receiving station to the stationary radio transmitting and receiving station and in the opposite direction, in the second frequency range, from the stationary station via the motor vehicle mounted station and the function transfer device to the other hand-held device and, in the first frequency range, from the other hand-held device to the one hand-held device

Abstract: In Japan, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corp.) is taking the initiative in developing a high-definition wide-screen television system as a target for future broadcasting systems. Investigations have been carried out on the relationships among three parameters: picture size, number of scanning lines, and visual impact—using both a film simulation method and a real television system. As a result of these investigations and taking into consideration the currently available technology, the provisional number of scanning lines was set at 1125; and an experimental camera, 70-mm film telecine, and contour corrector have been developed. For a display device, a 30-in (76-cm) color CRT receiver with 5:3 aspect ratio has been built. Two transmission systems have been developed: one in which two separate carriers are frequency modulated by the luminance and chrominance signals respectively and another system which transmits a composite color signal using a color subcarrier. A transmission test has been carried out with the Experimental Broadcasting Satellite (12 GHz, 100 W for each of two channels), and very attractive pictures and sound were received using a 2.5-m diameter receiving antenna. A countermeasure against attenuation due to rainfall in future 22-GHz systems is also proposed.

Abstract: Broadcasting is the information dissemination process in a communication network whereby all sites of the network become informed of a given message by calls made over lines of the network. We present an algorithm which, given a tree network and a time, determines a smallest set of subtrees covering sites of the network such that broadcast can be completed within the given time in each subtree. Information developed by the algorithm is sufficient to determine a satisfactory originator and calling scheme within each subtree.

Abstract: A subscription television system includes means broadcasting a scrambled television signal encoded with p-bit program and subscriber authorization codes and m-bit memory write and read codes. Each subscriber is provided with a decoder having (2 m ) p-bit memory locations, the decoder being operable for storing a broadcast p-bit subscriber authorization code in a memory location defined by the broadcast m-bit memory write code for updating the decode authorization status of the subscriber and being operable for comparing a broadcast program code with a subscriber authorization code stored in a memory location defined by the broadcast m-bit memory read code for developing a decode authorization signal to effect unscrambling of the broadcast television signal.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for automatically indicating the alpha-numeric station designation of a received frequency signal in one of a plurality of frequency ranges in a radio or TV receiver. The circuit includes a counter for determining the frequency of the received signal. The counter addresses a first memory containing address information. A second memory connected to the first memory is addressed by the output of the first memory. The second memory stores information corresponding to the station designations of the received frequency signals. A third memory resets the counter to 0 to the lowest frequency within each range of receiving frequency signals.

Abstract: ONE OF THE FIRST STEPS President Marcos took upon declaring martial law on September 21, 1972, was to take control of the nation's mass media and to jail prominent journalists, editors, and publishers as well as many persons working in radio and television. Marcos closed all but one of Manila's 16 daily newspapers and shut down six of the city's seven television stations, allowing only the Voice of the Philippines and the Far East Broadcasting Company to continue radio service.' Strict censorship was imposed on all news and the Department of Public Information (DPI) issued guidelines requiring newspapers and radio and television stations to print and broadcast only "accurate" news that reflected positively on the government and the military. Editorials and society news were banned outright. These rules also applied to overseas dispatches until early October when a gradual relaxation commenced in response to pressure from foreign news agencies and foreign correspondents.

Abstract: In Japan, bilingual and stereophonic television programs have been broadcast daily by NHK and major commercial broadcasters since October 1978, using the FM-FM multiplexing system developed by the NHK Technical Research Laboratories.

Abstract: An FM stereophonic receiver is arranged so that a central processing unit assigned for selection of a broadcasting station is burdened, based on a clock pulse of the central processing unit, to generate sub-carriers synchronized with a pilot signal contained in a composite signal, for being used in multiplex demodulation, whereby to improve signal-to-noise ratio of the multiplex demodulated signals, and to simplify the circuit arrangement of the receiver.

Abstract: Data relay satellites are being developed to provide real-time data links between research satellites in low earth orbits and central data acquisition and processing facilities. Frequency assignments for data relay satellite links will be made in bands allocated internationally to the space research service. One of the bands which will be used lies between 14.5 and 15.35 GHz, where the space research service has had a frequency allocation as a secondary service since 1971. During the General World Administrative Radio Conference of the International Telecommunication Union, held in Geneva in 1979, a primary frequency allocation was made in the band 14.5-14.8 GHz to the fixed-satellite service, specifically for use by earth-to-space links of the broadcasting satellite service. The feasibility of shared band operation is evaluated between data relay satellite uplinks and broadcasting-satellite feeder links in the band 14.5-14.8 GHz. Relationships for predicting interference power levels are formulated, as functions of satellite separation and of earth station separation. Tradeoffs between satellite separation angle and earth station separation are explored, and conclusions are drawn regarding the feasibility of band sharing. Co-channel operation is demonstrated to be technically feasible for typical systems, provided appropriate separations are maintained.

Abstract: The augmented data manipulator (ADM) is a multistage interconnection network designed for large-scale, parallel processing systems. This paper is an extension of an earlier work in which the use of the inverse ADM (IADM) network in an MIMD environment was investigated. Dynamically rerouting messages to avoid busy or faulty links is explored for both the ADM and IADM networks. Several schemes are presented. In some cases, there is no increase in tag overhead, but the switching elements are more complex. In other cases, the size of the routing tag is increased by one bit, but the switching elements are not as complex. A new broadcasting capability is developed that allows one processor to send a message to any number of other processors (with some restriction on the destination addresses). Finally, a scheme for dynamically rerouting a broadcast message is presented.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make it possible to add and modify broadcast contents specially, by writing coded sound data in RAM from an input processing part by using ROM and RAM as sound solidstate memory. CONSTITUTION:For a normal guidance broadcast, since the basic sentence pattern is fixed, control part 1 sends required word data from the area of ROM7 in sound solidstate memory 4 to reproduction part 5 in the fixed-sequence array to deliver the broadcast. For a special broadcast sentence which can not be expressed in the basic sentence pattern registered in control part 1 and by the contents of ROM7, it is coded by input processing part 9 and written in RAM8 in memory 4 for use. At this time, control part 1 performs the time measurement of the special broadcast sentence, paging in memory 4, automatic repetition, etc. Thus, the special broadcasting can be automated as well as the normal broadcasting only by adding RAM8 in memory 4.

Abstract: : Barry Litman's book kits comfortably within the Federal Communications Commission's traditional view that the dominance of the television industry by the three major networks can be reduced by regulating their commercial practices. Although Litman recognizes that FCC spectrum allocation policies for broadcasting and policies affecting television systems that use alternative technologies have been responsible for the high degree of concentration in network television, he nevertheless remains sanguine about the prospects for improving industry performance by placing limits on contractual arrangements between the networks and other industry participants. Thus, as he examines the dealings of the networks with affiliated stations, with program producers, and with advertisers, he is continually searching for new rules that might lessen the role played by the three dominant networks and facilitate the growth of new program sources within the existing broadcast system. Throughout, Litman's concern is to establish that the power of ABC, CBS, and NBC stems from the manner in which they deal with their local distributors, their suppliers, and their customers and to find ways to reduce that power by regulating their practices.

Abstract: For more than a decade, the transmission of digital data as part of the television signal has been a subject of study and development by the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). This interest can be traced beyond the first experimental ORACLE transmissions, using a Honeywell DDP-516 mini-computer together with some special interfacing hardware in April 1973, back to the insertion of 'in-house' data on unused television lines in the field interval by an equipment known as SLICE.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To display a station name accurately, by comparing broadcasting frequency data stored for every region with receiving tuning means, which is provided independently of a receiving tuning means provided for listening to radio broadcasting, and reading out a station name corresponding to discriminated region data and a receiving frequency under listening from a memory and displaying this station name. CONSTITUTION:Receivable broadcasting frequency data and data of broadcasting station names corresponding to broadcasting frequencies are divided by preliminarily divided regions and are stored in a memory 13, and a receivable frequency is detected at a channel selecting operation time by the receiving tuning means which is provided independently of the receiving tuning means provided for listening to the radio broadcasting, and this detected receivable frequency data and broadcasting frequency data stored for every region are compared with each other in a region discriminating circuit 16, and the broadcasting station name corresponding to discriminated region data and the radio receiving frequency under listening is read out from the memory 13 on a basis of the comparison result and is displayed on a display device 15.

Abstract: The depencence of developing countries on television programmes from the developed countries, especially the United States, stems from a basic demand and supply situation. Limited programming budgets in Third World broadcasting stations have forced broadcasters to import programmes to fill in their time slots. There is also a serious question of the quality of local productions. In this paper, which spotlights on the Philippines, Orly Mercado and Elizabeth Buck call for the formation of communication policies which would encourage self-sufficiency in television programming.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To avoid the interruption of normal program broadcasting, by transitting a signal indicating the transmission of specific information from other broadcast stations other than normal program from one broadcast station. CONSTITUTION:A broadcast station 20 broadcasts a normal program 22 and a traffic information informing signal for the period of broadcast of the traffic information 12 from a broadcast station 10. A normal signal is demodulated with a MPX demodulator 32 in a receiver 30. When the informing signal is received, a display device 34 is driven and the signal is informed to listeners. Accordingly, since only the person requiring the traffic information can select and listen to this information, the normal broadcast is not compulsively interrupted.

Abstract: r l n less than three decades cable television has become a major force in American mass communications. Nearly 20% of the nation’s TV households subscribe to one of the 4,200 operating cable systems which provide service to about 10,200 communities.l Cable has provided most of these communities with access to at least a dozen stations, many of which are in distant communities and could not be received over air prior to cable’s introduction. Substantial research has been undertaken to determine the effects of cable on the existing economic structure of broadcasting2, but almost no empirical research has examined the effects of cable on political behavior. This paper considers whether changes in viewing habits resulting from cable television influence individuals’ civic knowledge and political participation. The thesis of this research is that distant signal television stations imported by cable divert locar audiences’ from local news programming, which in turn diminishes citizen knowledge of and participation in local politics. During the 1950’s the FCC decided to establish a nationwide system of local rather than regional television markets. The plan called for hundreds of small television markets, each of which would be served by one, or at most two, commercial stations. Martin H. Seiden posits that the

Abstract: The 1979 World Administrative Conference (WARC-79) was tasked, by the terms of its agenda, to consider the need for holding future radio conferences to deal with specific radio services. As a consequence, WARC-79 identified an extensive program of 11 world or regional conferences to be convened in the years immediately ahead. The most challenging and complex conferences will be two WARC's (in two sessions each) to consider the planning of the HF Broadcasting service and the planning of space services utilizing the geostationary-satellite orbit. Both conferences will deal with means of assuring equitable access to the radio spectrum (and to the orbit in the case of space services) by all administrations.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To realize switching of each mode with the control signals in a single series, by detecting the type of the broadcast now receiving and applying selectively the control signal to the corresponding mode switching means. CONSTITUTION:The output of a control signal detecting circuit 260 of stereo broadcasting is set at a high level when a low-level detection output such as 0V is being led out of a control signal detecting circuit 250 of double-broadcasting. The control signals of one series which are supplied through a terminal 230 are applied to the bases of transistors (TR)241 and 242 respectively. However, a terminal 211 of a switching circuit 210 of double broadcasting mode is set at a low level according to the control signal since only the collector of the TR241 is at a low level.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To realize the confirmation of the CM (commercial) broadcast with no crosstalk, by eliminating the low frequency region of both CHs (channels) of the aural signal to confirm the CM broadcast in the multiple TV broadcast and the like, piling the prescribed frequency to secure the inversion of the phases of both CHs and thus increasing enough the CM identification signal in the aural signal. CONSTITUTION:The reproduced signals sent from right and left monaural tape decks 301 and 302 are amplified 311 and 312 each and then recorded on tape decks 341 and 342 via HPF322 and 321 after cutting e.g. 100Hz or less. Then compounding units 441 and 442 are provided between HPF321/322 and amplifiers 331/332, and oscillation frequencies f1, f2 and f3 selected at 100Hz or less and excepting those near the commercial power source frequency are coded through switches 411- 413. Then the phase of the CM identification signal is piled after inversion onto the unit broadcast signal to perform the broadcasting. The CM identification signal is detected out of the received signals, and then the broadcasting of the unit broadcast information is confirmed. Thus the CM identification signal in the aural signals can be increased enough for the TV sound multiple broadcast, realizing the confirmation of the CM broadcast with no crosstalk.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce the number of persons required for the guide broadcast of approach of the train to the station and respond to approach of the train immediately, by transmitting the broadcast in the train to the outside with a weak radio waves and by receiving it by the station to broadcast by the speaker connected to wire broadcasting. CONSTITUTION:Transmitter 9 is connected to cab microphone 2 provided in train 1, and the broadcast is performed from cab speaker 4 by cab broadcasting device 3, and simultaneously, the weak radio wave signal is transmitted to the outside by the transmission antenna connected to transmitter 9. Meanwhile, receiving antenna 12 to receive this weak radio wave signal is arranged in station 5. This receiving antenna 12 is connected to receiver 11, and the guide broadcast for passengers in train 1 is broadcasted in the yard of station 5 simultaneously by yard speaker 8 connected to wire broadcasting device 7.