Bricklayer

Abstract: A perovskite ceramic oxide having the general formula Pb0.97Ca0.03Zr0.05Ti0.95O3 (PCZT) was prepared using precursor solution method. The compound belongs to the tetragonal system. TEM micrographs show that the particles are more or less spherical in shape. Complex impedance analysis indicates the presence of grains separated by grain boundaries, which are also evident from the SEM micrographs. The sample impedance behavior has been explained in terms of the bricklayer model. The relaxation process taking place is short range. The conductivity variation shows a typical Arrhenius-type behavior having linear dependence on logarithm of conductivity.

Abstract: Objectives This study investigated the influence of manual stone and brick handling and psychosocial work factors on the risk of chronic low-back pain and describes the impact in terms of risk advancement period. Methods The Hamburg Construction Worker Study included a longitudinal study among 488 male construction workers. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of chronic low-back pain (>3 months during the last 12 months) according to self-reported worktasks in the baseline survey were estimated with the Cox proportional hazards model. Results The 1-year prevalence of chronic low-back pain was 15.4%. Workers with chronic low-back pain in the baseline survey had a higher risk of such pain during the follow-up (PR 4.07, 95% CI 2.18-7.59). The prevalence in association with laying large lime sandstones for >2 hours per shift (PR 1.80, 95% CI 1.04-3.14) further increased after adjustment for job category (PR 2.69, 95% CI 1.25-5.78), and it advanced the risk by a risk advancement period of 18 years (95% CI 4-39). Workers with low satisfaction with their work achievements had a higher prevalence of chronic low-back pain (PR 2.07, 95% CI 1.10-3.88). Similar risk estimates were observed in the subgroup without chronic low-back pain in the baseline survey. A strong effect of time pressure was only present for these workers (high: PR 6.30, 95% CI 1.41-28.21). Conclusions The results suggest that repetitive work involving bent positions and the manual manipulation of heavy stones increases the risk of future chronic low-back pain. For risk communication, the notion that a 40-year-old construction worker laying large sandstones has the same risk as an unexposed 58-year-old construction worker may be more informative.

Abstract: Ben Jonson's contemporaries admired him above all other playwrights and poets of the English Renaissance. He was the great refiner who alchemized the bleakest aspects of everyday life into brilliant images of folly and deceit. He was also a celebrated reprobate and an ambitious entrepreneur. David Riggs illuminates every facet of this extraordinary career, giving us the first major biography of Jonson in over sixty years.The story of Jonson's life provides a broad view of the literary procession in early modern England and the milieu in which Elizabethan drama was produced. Beginning as a journeyman actor, Jonson was soon a novice playwright; his first important play was staged in 1598, with Shakespeare in the cast. He was by turns the self-styled leader of a literary elite, a writer of court masques, the first dramatist to publish his own "Works," a royal pensioner, and a genteel poet. As Jonson transformed himself from an artisan into a gentleman, his need to transcend his class origins led him to murder, to his notorious quarrels with Thomas Dekker, John Marston, and Inigo Jones, and to his lifelong rivalry with Shakespeare. Riggs traces the roots of Jonson's aggressiveness back to the turmoil of his childhood and adolescence. He offers new and convincing accounts of Jonson's latent hostility toward his bricklayer stepfather, his reckless marriage to Anne Lewis, and his conflicted relationships with his children.This vivid portrait synthesizes six decades of scholarship and new historical evidence. Sixty halftones beautifully illustrate the story and capture the spirit of the age. With Riggs' original interpretations of Jonson's masterpieces and lesser known works, "Ben Jonson: A Life" will prove the standard account of this complex man's life and works for many years to come."

Abstract: Part 1 The early postwar period: from the end of World War II to the Cold War reconstruction and new buildings. Part 2 The Cold War: from 1949 to the mid-1950s iconography, rhetoric, and the cult of Stalin. Part 3 The example of the Soviet Union-Socialist realism: basic architectural concepts the breakthrough of socialist realism in the Soviet Union causes and implications victory architecture of the 1940s. Part 4 Realization of the example in the people's democracies: how the example was transmitted realization, country by country the ideological context - a newspaper article from 1952 the Soviet Union in 1932 versus the people's democracies in 1949. Part 5 Socialist content: the great construction projects of communism concern for mankind ostentation and monumentality. Part 6 National form: DDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria national form - practice and implications. Part 7 Monumental buildings in the capital cities: Stalinalee in East Berlin the Palace of Culture in Warsaw Casa Scinteii in Bucharest the new centre of Sofia. Part 8 The first socialist cities: stalinstadt Nowa Huta Sztalinvaros Dimitrovgrad the new cities - a glimpse of the future. Part 9 The logic of the situation - eight biographical sketches: Karel Teige and Jiri Kroha Jozsef Fischer and Mate Major Szymon Syrkus and bohdan Pniewski Hermann Henselmann and Kurt Liebknecht the architects - aesthetic and ideology. Part 10 Four political works of art: pass me a brick - building as a symbol young bricklayer of Stalinalee - "the typical" in art the Stalin monument in Budapest - "damnatio memoriae" I the Stalin monument in Prague - "damnatio memoriae" II the iconography of pictorial art. Part 11 Thaw and de-Stalinization: from the death of Stalin till the end of the 1950s the de-escalation and abolition of Socialist realism. Part 12 How the other side built - Interbau in West Berlin. Part 13 Architecture and ideology - discussion and conclusion: three comparisons alternative interpretations the negative choice.