Abstract: The Smeaton Project is a joint research program involving ICCROM, English Heritage, and Bournemouth University. It was established for the purpose of characterizing the chemical and physical properties of lime-based mortars intended for the repair and conservation of historic buildings. In Phase I of the program, the authors used a variety of test procedures to evaluate the effect of set additives, specifically brick dust and cements, on the performance of lime:sand mortars. The principal objective of this initial phase was to confirm various trends in the behavior of lime-based mortars observed in the field and to refine test procedures. The results of Phase I are presented though the authors caution that these are only preliminary and further testing is needed. Preliminary findings suggest that the addition of brick dust significantly alters the properties of lime mortars and that low fired brick dusts seem to have the most positive effect on the strength and durability of lime:sand:brick dust mixtures. The addition of small quantities of cement to lime:sand:mortars seemed to have a negative effect on the strength and durability of the mortars.

Abstract: The evolution of cement rotary kilns with regards to changes in fuel and operating conditions has significant impact on refractory lining performance. Raw materials and properties of magnesia-spinel brick, which may be a solution, are described and compared

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a tyne layer in an automatic brick stacking system having a conveyor for moving courses of brick from a kiln car to a stacking and straping station is disclosed. The apparatus includes a set-down transfer head for removing a course of brick from the conveyor. A separation conveyor receives brick from the set-down transfer head. The separation conveyor has a plurality of parallel, spaced-apart conveying means for moving the bricks in a longitudinal direction. A stop means engages and stops the movement of bricks therepast. A lift means is disposed between the conveying means and between one end of the separation conveyor and the stop means for lifting and redepositing a portion of the bricks upstream of the stop means. The conveying means, stop means, and first lift means are sequentially operated in a cooperative relationship to space the rows of brick apart in the longitudinal direction of conveyance and at predetermined intervals to form the tyne layer. A tyne pick-up head removes the tyne layer from the separation conveyor and deposits it on the conveyor where it is moved to the stacking and straping station.

Abstract: A brick panel construction apparatus including a stiff backing member such as a polystyrene insulated board is laminated to a water impermeable sheet which is primarily planar in shape. A plurality of integrally formed projections are disposed in a plurality of horizontal rows on the impermeable sheet whereby these projections and the sheet constitute a one-piece structure. A plurality of spaced apart thin bricks are adhesively attached to the sheet and the bricks are disposed between the rows of projections. Grout is then applied to the spaces between the bricks and covers the rest of the sheet, including the projections. Brackets are utilized to attach the thin sheet and backing member to a vertical sub-straight and these brackets have a planar portion for allowing the fastener to pass through it, through the thin sheet and through the backing member to a vertical structural member. These brackets also have a top portion which supports the bottom of any brick it is under and also provides a mortar lock for ensuring that the mortar does not separate from the thin sheet.

Abstract: An improved wall construction system for refractory furnaces is disclosed. The system includes an outer support structure into which are incorporated a plurality of connecting pin receiving sleeves or apertures. The system further includes a plurality of regularly-shaped bricks which have engaging members and receiving cavities on the ends of the bricks and on the upper and lower surfaces of the bricks. The engaging members and receiving cavities are adapted to interlock the bricks relatively to each other to preclude lateral movement. The system further includes a plurality of anchoring members which are adapted to be received between an engaging member and a receiving cavity of adjacent bricks. The anchoring members further extend out from the bricks and include a connecting pin shaped and sized to engage within the apertures in this first support structure in order to anchor the brick wall system to the outer support system in use.

Abstract: In the invention flat ceramic plate is heat-treated on curved refractory mould to soften the ceramic for shaping the plate with a same curved surface of the mould. The surface of the curved plate is then glazed or ground. The invention is used on the surface of columns, wall corners etc. to replace granite and marble.

Abstract: A brick for use in a high temperature furnace, or the like, having a body portion with at least one tongue and groove pair in at least one of the body surfaces with anchor means formed integrally with the body portion. Tie-back brick assemblies are formed by mating at least two of such brick and clamping them together. A lining for use in such furnaces is formed by using such tie-back assemblies with conventionally shaped brick.

Abstract: Throughout the long history of building, the simple brick has served many functions in many guises. This is a study of this universal building material, throughout history and around the world. As well as tracing the long and remarkable story of the many uses of the brick, it surveys the myriad designs possible in brick architecture and the techniques of brick fabrication, and examines the engineering properties of brickwork when used as a major structural component - from the simple garden wall to the arch, to the mediaeval cathedral. A comprehensive technical section covers materials and construction techniques - brick types, their manufacture, selection of which brick for which job, construction techniques (mortars, jointing, pointing and bonding), structural techniques (walls, buttresses, corbelling, cornices, arches and vaults) and conservation.

Abstract: An automated installation for lining a wall of an enclosure with brickwork is presented. This installation comprises a brick laying robot, a depalletizing module, a lifting module, a supply module and a centering ring module. At the level of the centering module which is installed on a working platform, a device for the sequential transfer of the bricks transfers the bricks into a centering position at the periphery of the working platform. In this centering position, the bricks are centered before the brick-laying robot comes to take them up.

Abstract: A zirconium silicate brick and a method for producing same, the brick having a starting powder used to form the brick, the starting powder having minimal amounts of contaminants in the amount of not more than about 0.3 percent Al 2 O 3 , not more than about 0.2 percent TiO 2 , and not more than about 0.1 percent Fe 2 O 3 , each, based on the weight of the starting powder, to which a phosphorous compound in the amount of about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent based on the weight of the starting powder is added prior to making the brick for producing a brick with improved corrosion resistance for use in glass melting facilities with boron silicate glasses, and having improved decomposition behavior at higher glass melting temperatures.

Abstract: A gable mason's tool is provided for suitable insertion into wet mortar between a first course and a second course of bricks, wherein both courses are vertically below the last course of bricks so as to enable a brick mason to establish a horizontal guideline above the last course of bricks, the guideline extending from one side of the tool. A plate member for insertion into wet mortar is provided having a front wall, a rear wall and a side wall. A tensioner is provided for selectively stretching the guideline from being slack to a desired level of tautness. A reel is provided for selectively winding and unwinding the guideline such that the guideline winds around the reel as the guideline is being stretched to the desired tautness.

Abstract: Carbon-containing carbon bonded refractory mixes and products made therefrom in which the refractory is a magnesite or high alumina aggregate and containing a silica-free elemental boron containing B-Mg-O alloy powder containing at least 95% B-Mg-O. and shapes made therefrom. The invention also involves the method of increasing the lining life of a metallurgical vessel utilizing unburned brick made from the above-noted mixes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for drying and/or baking raw bricks. Each raw brick (2) is arranged per se on a transport means for drying (12) and/or baking (20) at such a distance from the other raw bricks that all raw bricks react as individual bricks during drying and/or baking.

Abstract: A hollow glass brick consists of two half-bricks (1, 2) fused to one another. On the internal surface of at least one of its walls (4, 5) provided for the passage of light, there is provided a finely structured surface embossing. The surface embossing is made of a design having a wavy profile whose wavelength is 200 to 1000 μm and whose wave depth 10 to 80 μm. These embossed fine structures give the impression of glass bricks having frosted interior surfaces. They prevent one from seeing through the brick and provide a high degree of diffusion.

Abstract: The sound-absorbent brick may be used in the wall of a building. The brick (10) consists of an outer shell (22) which has vertical sides and is open at the top and bottom. The top and bottom surfaces of the shell are horizontal and flat and the long sides are flat. The ends have ridges (27) and grooves (28) which lock together to make a strong wall structure. The sound-proofing filling (37) for the brick consists of two rectangular blocks flat on their adjacent long faces and corrugated on the faces in contact with the long sides of the rectangular aperture in the brick. USE/ADVANTAGE - Sound-absorbing brick for constructing wall of building.

Abstract: Device for cutting bricks, consisting of a brick supply to a cutting station, a cutting station with a cutting table and an adjustable motor saw, the cutting table being made as a turntable, and also a delivery device for the cut bricks.

Abstract: Described are open-pore bulk mineral materials, such as expanded clay, expanded shale, lava, pumice, perlite, brick chippings and mixtures thereof, on which immobilized microorganisms have been placed. Also described is an agent for removing toxic substances from substrates contaminated with such substances. In addition, a method is described by means of which microorganisms can be immobilized on open-pore bulk mineral materials. Finally, a method is described of cleaning materials contaminated with toxic substances.

Abstract: Flexible concrete structures resemble elongated rope-like articles having an outer textile casing in the form of a mono-tubular body with a continuous inner bore filled with dry cementitious material. The concrete ropes are naturally permeable to water for controlled chemical hydration for maximizing structural values and load bearing properties. The flexible concrete ropes may be employed in a wide range of applications in masonry and cement construction, such as caulk filler between foundations and roadways; as convenient mortar ropes in the reinforcement and stabilization of stone, rock, brick and block structures, like culvert bridges, drainage ditches, railroad roadbeds; temporary templates for A-frame structures, and as chocks for dry foundations. Flexible concrete rope articles can be wetted and woven into grids and lattice structures for use as fencing, gates, grids for fireplaces and grills or fabricated into subterranean anchoring supports for posts and signs for the elimination of large amounts of pourable concrete normally required.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To develop refractory brick excellent in spalling resistance by adding a binder to a mixture of a magnesia-based refractory with a graphitic material to some extent, forming and burning the resultant mixture. CONSTITUTION:An MgO-based refractory in an amount of 60-97wt.% is mixed with 3-40wt.% coarse granular graphitic material having >=0.2mm average grain diameter. Metallic powder such as an Al allay, as necessary, is suitably added thereto and a carbonaceous binder such as phenolic resin, pitch or tar is added to the obtained mixed material. The prepared mixture is kneaded, formed into the shape of brick and heat-treated to afford unburnt brick or burned at a high temperature to provide refractory brick. Thereby, the objective MgO-C-based refractory brick excellent in spalling resistance is obtained.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To aim at the effects of saving labor and reducing workloads by solving problems with the working environment and construction cost of a hot blast stove, since of the current construction work of a hot blast stove the work of distributing bricks inside the hot blast stove is done by a method in which so many labor assistants lift and hand over heavy bricks. CONSTITUTION:A brick carrying device, which carries into a hot blast stove 1 bricks 10 for use in the work of constructing the hot blast stove 1, comprises a robot 20 at the end of which a gripping mechanism 32 for the bricks 10 is disposed, a device for vertically moving the robot 20, and a device for fixing the robot 20 at a desired position of the hot blast stove. Therefore, the necessity of lifting bricks in distributing the bricks inside the hot blast stove is eliminated, and the effects of reducing workloads and construction costs through labor saving are obtained. Also, reduction in the construction period is made possible, and operational merits in iron manufacturing are provided.

Abstract: According to this invention, high-Al alumina chamotte as main raw material and electrosmelting mullite as additive are used to make into granular and powdered materials respectively. After additon of adhesive, blemded mixing, forming, and roasting are conducted, and a mullite casting nozzle brick is obtained. Its crystalline phase structure includes primary crystalline phase of mullite and additional corundum phase, as well as a little quantity of cristobalite. It may be substituted for corundum casting nozzle brick widely used in continuous and mould casting equipment at present with the advantages of resisting erosion, low cost ( saving cost by over 40% ), long service life and no noclulation.

Abstract: The utility model relates to a device which separate suspended particles from liquid by filtration, particularly a filter device The whole-plastic double multi-hole gas-water recoil washing filter brick of the utility model comprises a channel plate, a top plate and a sloping plate, wherein, the top plate is provided with a top surface hole; the sloping plate is provided with a sloping surface hole The filter brick which is in one-time integral forming by taking plastics as the raw material has direct filtration, high utility ratio, less loss of water head, uniform distribution of return water, corrosion prevention, faultlessness, firm structure, long service life but no dead area

Abstract: The ceramic plate (brick) is made from chrome slag, clay, ordinary ceramic raw material and industrial waste slag containing acidic oxide, in which the content of chrome slag is 5-70% (wt.), through sintering in a roller floor kiln under 1015-1300 deg.C. The ceramic plate has special colour hue and good physical and chemical properties. After polishing, it can be used as high grade building decorative material.

Abstract: The health tea uses root of astragalus membranaceus, fruit of lycium barbarum and liquorice root as main raw materials, and black tea, green tea or brick tea as auxiliary material, and the production procedure includes selecting, slicing, washing and drying the raw materials, in which the root of astragalus membranaceus and fruit of lycium barbarum are stir-fried with honey, and the black tea, green tea or brick tea is baked into fragments. It is a nutritious tea drink.

Abstract: The invention relates to silicate concrete in the form of a preformed component, in particular a lime-sand brick, produced from a mixture of quartz-containing sand, lime, aggregates and water by moulding under pressure and subsequent autoclave treatment. To achieve improved compressive strength and abrasion resistance together with low-cost producibility, provision is made for the use of magmatic rocks as fillers or aggregates.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To allow a child to learn a shape of a body, a quantity, addition and subtraction by energizing a metal pillar so as to operate an electronic voice generating mechanism when building bricks are fitted in fitting holes having a predetermined number and predetermined shapes in the wall on which metal pillars are arranged. CONSTITUTION: Building blocks having different shapes are selected and inserted in the corresponding fitting holes 18, 19 in a main machine 10, and then a selecting key 17 is depressed so as to cause an electronic voice producing mechanism to issue single sound or a music. When the building bricks are fitted in the corresponding fitting holes 18, 19, current runs between a main metal pillar 185 and a submetal pillar 186 through conductive elements 36 in the building blocks, and accordingly, the main machine 10 issues a music, clapping sound or voice having a specified sound level so as to applaud the doing of a child. Accordingly, the shape identifying ability of the child can be grown. If a predetermined number of selected building bricks 31 are fitted in first second rectangular holes 181, 182, and a rectangular building brick 31 in the shape of a figure one is fitted in a third rectangular shape 183, the answer is true, and accordingly, applauding sound and voice such as clapping sound or a music is issued. Meanwhile, if the answer is false, a mistake is informed by a cry of a cow or the like.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a structurally dense silica brick having excellent heat conductivity, pressure resistance and wear resistance at high temp., prolonging the service life of the body of a furnace and capable of saving the energy. CONSTITUTION:This dense silica brick has a compsn. contg. cristobalite and tridymite subjected to transition as crystal phases in (10-40):(90-60) ratio (wt.%) and 2-12wt.% metal oxide other than SiO2 and existing as an amorphous phase and has >=1.95 bulk density and <=15% porosity. When colloidal silica is impregnated into this silica brick, a denser silica brick having higher wear resistance is obtd.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent damage at a position near a gas discharging hole and to drastically improve the service life. CONSTITUTION:A cylindrical refractory brick 10 having erosion resistance is fitted as insertiable into/separable from outer periphery of the gas discharging holes 8, 9 in a core pipe 1, and by covering a part of the refractory brick 10 and large part of the core pipe 1 with monolithic refractory 14, the refractory brick covering outer periphery of the core pipe near the gas discharging hole can be changed.