Abstract: A brick press is disclosed having a turntable carrying a plurality of molds angularly spaced from each other and having equipment associated therewith establishing a plurality of series of operating stations, each series including at least a precompression station, a compression station and an ejection station. The molds carried by the turntable are provided with replaceable liners. A material handling and feed system is also disclosed, providing for preparation of particulate or granular materials to be charged into the molds.

Abstract: The cavity masonry brick has an internal thermal or sound absorbing insulating material layer. The insulating layer is arranged between hollow air chambers on the mid plane of this brick. The profile of the projecting insulating layer is such that a continuous insulation layer is formed in the wall even if the blocks are stacked with some inaccuracy. The hollow brick has two parallel halves (2, 3) each of which has a number of air chambers (4, 5). Between these symmetrical halves is arranged an insulation chamber (6). Both halves form an integral unit by means of transverse ribs (7, 8) which pass through the insulating material chamber. The insulating material placed between these two halves can be rigid foam plastics.

Abstract: A casing brick comprising a hollow insulating insert, and a two-part concrete shell which substantially encloses the insert, two projections extending from the insert and positioned between the two parts of the shell and interlocking projections and grooves for connecting the shell and the insert together.

Abstract: A wire grid shaped with brick size spaces which may be transported or stored as a roll, and which is adaptable for serving as a permanent guide and reinforcement when unrolled onto a flat path with bricks subsequently individually mounted in each of the grid spaces.

Abstract: A method of prolonging the life of a carbon anode ring furnace is disclosed wherein portions of the confronting refractory brick flue walls of the furnace which have partly collapsed can be readily straightened. The refractory bricks of the collapsed portion of a flue wall are urged back into the plane of the wall by interposing a hydraulic jack between the closely spaced flue walls and actuating the jack to apply opposing forces to the wall. The jack is positioned and actuated in a number of locations corresponding to a predetermined circular pattern about a deformation zone to successively reduce the deviation of the bricks of the deformation zone. A tie brick is thereafter inserted between the walls to maintain them in their normal spaced relation.

Abstract: Lightweight ceramic insulating bricks are made, where a large amt. of solid fuels are moulded into the bricks before baking. The moulding mixt. pref. contains waste-agricultural and -forestry substances, such as sawdust, chopped straw, vegetable matter and/or synthetic materials. The moulded bricks are dried and then fed through a degassing chamber followed by a tunnel kiln. Chamber is pref. heated indirectly, and the volatile constituents evolved in this chamber produce a weak combustion gas which is fed via pipes to the kiln or to other heating plant. The exhaust gas from kiln is pref. used to heat the walls and roof of chamber, possibly using a heat exchanger through which gas evolved in chamber is circulated. The chamber and kiln are pref. heated using the reversing stream process. The waste substances include brown coal and plastics, and the volatile matter liberated in chamber is collected and burnt in the kiln to improve thermal efficiency.

Abstract: A method of producing freeze-thaw resistant cementitious porous materials, such as concrete, mortar, stucco, in which up to about 30% by weight of the cement of a porous particulate material is mixed into the material The particulate material may be finely divided fired clay, brick, diatomaceous earth or other mineral particles having a size range of 20-50 Tyler mesh, a total porosity of at least 30% and a pore size in the range 005 to 30 microns

Abstract: The ways in which brick and stone units were formed: invention and application of machinery to assist production. Operational and logistical aspects. Methods of cutting and finishing stone. Manufacture of brick and terracotta. With illustrations and 49 notes. -- ICCROM

Abstract: The building and physical characteristics of fired bricks are improved by injecting a foam, which foams on its own or with conventional agents, into one or both sides of the continuous voids of the brick to completely or partially it and then welding the foamed particles to each other and the walls of the voids.

Abstract: During the manufacture of bricks, either before or after such bricks are introduced to the kiln for drying, selected brick from spaced positions in at least some of the rows are mechanically displaced to corresponding positions in upstream, downstream, or otherwise adjacent rows to effect an inter-row movement of some, but fewer than all of the bricks in any particular row. According to the invention, the selected bricks may be either pushed, lifted, lowered or combinations thereof from one row and transferred to a different row. One translating device designed for this technique is a snaggle-tooth pusher which engages and pushes some, but not all of the bricks in a row or rows. The selected bricks may be initially separated from the other bricks by means of either the snaggle-tooth puller, or by means of a vertically movable support plate which operates in conjunction with a slotted support plate immediately thereabove to remove and lower selected brick.

Abstract: The brick has an opening through which the brick can be evacuated and/or filled with a suitable gas, and >=1 of the walls of the cavity in the brick is provided with a reflecting mirror coating. All the long walls inside the cavity or every wall in the cavity may be coated, esp. using a layer of silver formed by a conventional process. The opening is pref. drawn into a capillary and the opposite wall of the brick pref. provided with a recess matching the size of the capillary. The brick may possess the shape of a panel. Used for cooling or heating appts. or zones, storage ovens, electric appts., buildings etc.; and also for sound insulation.

Abstract: The elevator is particularly for handling tiles and bricks emerging from a press, having a pair of opposite endless chains, each with angle-section supports, two opposite supports on the chains engaging under the same tile etc. In addition to these chains (2, 5) there are a further pair of such chains, likewise with angle-section supports, driven separately from the first pair. On each pair of chains, the supports can be arranged in a group, i.e. they only occupy part of the chain length. The advantage is that each pair can be halted alternately to allow unloading, so that there is no interruption in the flow of the incoming items.

Abstract: (1976). The Early Brickwork of Someries Castle, Bedfordshire and its Place in the History of English Brick Building. Journal of the British Archaeological Association: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 42-58.

Abstract: A device for applying mortar to the tops of the walls and webs of a hollow brick comprising an elongated plate having a back wall and handles whereby it may be manipulated. Mortar is carried on the plate and the amount so carried is determined by the height of the back wall.

Abstract: Equipment for loading kiln wagons with moulded bricks, esp. refractory bricks, which are transported by a supply conveyor, comprises a reversing unloader for taking the bricks from teh conveyor, which sweeps the delivery end of a collecting belt, and a wagon charger with a brick receiving device, which sweeps the delivery end of the collecting belt on the one hand and the surface of the kiln wagon to be loaded on the other hand. In the mfr. of refractory bricks, bricks, concrete blocks etc. The loading equipment eliminates all manual operations and can be suited easily to the required sizes and shapes and the resultant loading programme.

Abstract: A device to be used by brickmasons in the erection of a brick wall that embodies, speed in setting-up, precision and choice of mortar joint spacing and is adjustable to a variety of wall heights.

Abstract: The integrity of brick masonry structural systems is highly dependent on metal ties, and anchors, which are available in a wide array of materials, sizes and shapes. Ties and anchors are described, and data are provided on their strength in resisting mortar pullout, tension, shear, and compression, based on the present state-of-the-art. Tables are provided on wire properties, recommended maximum spacings of four gages of wire ties in solid, grouted, and cavity walls; on the spacing of corrugated sheet metal anchors for brick veneer and on recommended allowable loads on anchor bolts. Equations are given for mortar-tie pullout strength and the number and spacing of wall anchors to frames and floors or roofs. Research needs and deterrents are cited. Concrete inserts for shelf angles and fasteners for objects supported by masonry walls are not considered.

Abstract: A horizontal brick feed conveyor continuously feeds green undried moist clay bricks along a path beneath a lower horizontal flight of an elastic hold-down belt member mounted above and moving in the same direction as the conveyor to engage the upper surface of the conveyed brick; a relatively large motor-driven irregularly spaced impression roller is adjustably mounted adjacent the upper surface of the horizontal flight of the hold-down belt to engage the horizontal flight so that a number of protrusions on the roller deflect portions of the elastic hold-down belt downwardly into the green brick immediately beneath the hold-down belt so that the bricks are distorted and misshaped to give an antique or handmade effect.

Abstract: In the main patent the brick wall was made from bricks arriving end-uppermost at a station where they were spread with mortar; they were then turned on to their resting surfaces, formed into courses, spread again with mortar and the courses superimposed By this method each brick had mortar on its end, so it adhered to its neighbour; the endless brick wall so produced was reduced to the required lengths by cutting The aim of this invention of addition is to obviate the cutting by providing a supply of un-mortared bricks; one of these is used as the first brick of each course of each new length of wall, which thus does not join up with the preceding length A supply of mortared and un-mortared half-bricks (10b, 10a) is used as well as a supply of mortared and un-mortared bricks (10c, 10d)

Abstract: The arrangement of brick layers of rectangular base face has bricks made up, for example, in four longitudinal rows and a number of transverse rows and fed by the furnace carriage. The bricks are set up in brick layers with, say, four and three longitudinal rows and equal base faces which are finally alternately stacked above each other for packaging. The brick layers with the larger number of longitudinal rows are swivelled through 90 deg. before being set down. To set up layers with three longitudinal rows from the bricks fed with four longitudinal rows, one longitudinal row is removed and stored. The removed rows are stored until a layer needs to be produced with three longitudinal rows.

Abstract: To enhance significantly both the strength and durability of concrete and other related building materials, the technique of polymer impregnation has received a wide-spread recognition in recent years. The price of oil-based monomers, however, due to shortage of oil, prevents a large-scale use of this technique. The objective of this paper was to demonstrate the applicability of sulfur as an attractive substitute to monomers for impregnation. It was demonstrated that sulfur impregnation of building block and brick units and prisms, carried out at atmospheric pressure using a simple process developed in the laboratory, could give equivalent relative strength increase compared to polymethyl methacrylate-impregnated units and prisms. Sulfur impregnation showed greater than 90% reduction in water absorption and virtually no acid attack. This suggests possible application of treated masonry to sewage pipes and culverts, to acid treatment vessels and pump beds, and to enhance the strength and durability of low-quality masonry.

Abstract: A device for making up of stacks of bricks or brick forms has a second thrust car (6) attached to the slide path (1) which has a thrust bar (14) extending across the slide path (1) width and which lies against the bricks etc. The thrust car (6) is attached to a chain (7) which can be moved to and fro such that car (6) moves forwards whilst the other car (5) moves back and transfers the bricks etc. from the slide path (1) to the grouping strip (2). When car (5) moves forwards the second car (6) moves back whilst the thrust bar (14) is positioned above the bricks etc. moved forward by the thrust arm (11).

Abstract: Excavation of a threatened medieval site revealed the complex arrangements made in the 19th century for sewage disposal before the introduction of water closets and a septic tank. Cesspools of clay and brick, as well as manuring pits were excavated.

Abstract: The chimney sheath is built from clinker bricks onto a base frame on the ground, with reinforcing rings laid into some of its horizontal mortar joints. Two or more interfacing supports bar are firmly anchored in the base frame, passing through holes in the bricks above the chimney sheath level. These have projecting carrier loops at their top ends, for suspension on a crane. This lifts the whole chimney sheath, and deposits it from above onto the bracket plate, tilting above the raised chimney bricks. The carrier loops are removed, and the remaining hollow spaces in the chimney head are filled with highly fluid mortar. Chimney building is simplified, and a clean weather-resistant exterior is built.

Abstract: The wall element is made from masonry stones joined with mortar or made from nonhardened and nonset limestone blocks which are joined with mortar and subsequently hardened by a hydrothermal process. The forces imposed upon these components are accommodated by external shaping of the masonry blocks. The brick blocks or formed shapes (2) have tapered through holes (3) which are arranged on top of each other and which are filled with mortar. The joint gaps (4) are formed so that a mortar arrangement of double wedge shape is formed. Additives which increase the tensile properties and adhesion properties are added to the mortar and steel reinforcement is fitted into the tapered mortar channels.

Abstract: Research data on the possibility of using washery wastes from the West Siberian plant to make building materials are presented. It is technically feasible to make building bricks and agloporite, a lightweight porous ballast for concretes. In the particular area it was uneconomic to use the mineral wastes in brick manufacturing. On the other hand, it appeared that the use of agloporite in making reinforced concrete prefabrication would be economic and that the entire washery waste could be used if the quality could be improved so that a reduction in thickness could be made.

Abstract: A fired refractory brick composed of magnesia, 2 to 10% alumina, calcium oxide and up to 1.5% silica, the weight ratio of calcium oxide to silica being more than 1.4, and at least 2.2 (CaO - 1.4 SiO2) % zirconia, calcium and zirconium forming a cal-cium zirconate phase in the brick and the content of the calcium zirconate phase being from 0.5 to 8%, all percentages being by weight. This brick is prepared from a mixture of the components by pressing the mixture into the shape of a brick and firing the brick at a temperature of 1600°C to 1800°C until the brick contains the indicated amount of the calcium zirconate phase.