TL;DR: Since the spring of 1920 I have examined two small collections of Hymenopterous parasites of Brassolis from Trinidad and British Guiana respectively, and am able to list seven species, of which only the Anastatus has been fully described.
Abstract: During the past fifteen years the attention of Economic Entomologists in Central America and the West Indies has been increasingly directed to the damage done by species of the genus Brassolis to the foliage of coconut and other palms. In some of the scattered papers (q.v. Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, 1913–22) dealing with these ravages one finds references to the natural control exercised by Hymenopterous parasites. So far as I am aware the only writers to mention by name any of these enemies are C.Schrottky (1909) and G. E. Bodkin (1917), who list four species between them. Since the spring of 1920 I have examined two small collections of Hymenopterous parasites of Brassolis from Trinidad and British Guiana respectively. In each of these the same one of Schrottky's species is represented, and in all I am now able to list seven species. Two of these have not been seen by me, and two more (Brachymeria and Spilochalcis) are probably recognisable from extant descriptions. In the case of the Telenomus it is hoped that the figures given may facilitate recongnition. Though Ashmead's description of this species is very incomplete, I have forborne for the present to supplement it, since the diagnosis of these minute parasites for any particular geographical area can be attempted best in a comparative key. only the Anastatus has been fully described.
TL;DR: A revised classification for the Neotropical subfamily Brassolinae based on the morphological study of seventy six of the eighty one know species (Stichel, 1932), divided the subfamily in two tribos, according to the following list of genera: Narope Doubleday, 1849 (type genus) and Aponarope Casagrande, 1982.
Abstract: A revised classification for the Neotropical subfamily Brassolinae based on the morphological study of seventy six of the eighty one know species (Stichel, 1932), divided the subfamily in two tribos, according to the following list: Brassolini Boisduval, 1836 including forteen genera: Brassolis Fabricius, 1807 (type genus): Caligo Hubner, 1819. Penetes Doubleday. 1849; Dynastor Doubleday, 1849; Opsiphanes Doubleday. 1849; Dasyophthalma Westwood. 1851; Eryphanis Boisduval. 1870; Opoptera Aurivillius, 1882; Selenophanes Staudinger. 1887; Catoblepia Stichel, 1902; Caligopsis Seydel, 1924; Mielkella Casagrande, 1982; Orobrassolis Casagrande, 1982, and Mimoblepia Casagrande, 1982, Naropini Stichel, 1925 including two genera: Narope Doubleday, 1849 (type genus) and Aponarope Casagrande, 1982.
TL;DR: This study examines the phylogenetic relationships among species of the butterfly genera Dynastor and Brassolis using 57 characters from adult morphology and wing coloration to provide evidence for the monophyly of both genera.
Abstract: This study examines the phylogenetic relationships among species of the butterfly genera Dynastor and Brassolis using 57 characters from adult morphology and wing coloration. We provide evidence for the monophyly of both genera. The relationships among Dynastor species are well resolved, but we were unable to find informative characters that could resolve the relationships inside Brassolis. We provide diagnoses for Dynastor and Brassolis and all species included in these genera, including illustrations that show geographical variation in wing color. The status of one subspecies is changed to species; Brassolis dinizi d’Almeida, 1956, NEW STATUS.
TL;DR: The results show that territorial behavior happens during early morning and the territories with the most disputed perches were those where the number of females was higher and the increase of male density in the population cause the decrease of territory length.
Abstract: This study describes and explains aspects of male territorial behavior of the butterfly Archonias brassolis tereas (Pieridae). Data was collected from 2005 to 2019 in three sites at coast of SA£o Paulo State, Brazil, near the hills of Serra do Mar. The results show that territorial behavior happens during early morning. Perched males give quick response to other flying males. The territories with the most disputed perches were those where the number of females was higher and the increase of male density in the population cause the decrease of territory length.
TL;DR: Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da Brassolis astyra God, especies muito nocivas ao coqueiro da Bahia, carnaubera (Copernicia cerifera Mart.) e outras Palmaceas.
Abstract: The object of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of Brassolis astyra God. and B. sophorae (L.), very serious pests for coconut Palms of Bahia (Cocos nucifera L.), carnauba Palm (Copernicia cerifera Mart.) and other Palm-trees. Its synonymy, summary of bibliography and geographic distribution are given. The economic importance, the nature of injury caused by the insects, the known food-plants and the life-history and hapits are discussed summarilly. Measures of control which include cultural measures, artificial measures, biological measures including the conservation of the parasites and chimic measures also are dealt with. All the parasite insects from these species of Brassolis also are dealt with. The authors only gave the synonymy, the geographic distribution, summary of the bibliography and food-insects of the parasites which were not been. The parasite-insects obtained in laboratory by the author have also some bionomical and sistematic notes.