Topic
Bouma
About: Bouma is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37 publications have been published within this topic receiving 389 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: The Bouma law is revised to say that critical spacing is equal across parts, rather than objects, to cope with complex objects, such as a single roman letter or a Gabor patch.
Abstract: Crowding is the inability to identify an object among flankers in the periphery. It is due to inappropriate incorporation of features from flanking objects in perception of the target. Crowding is characterized by measuring critical spacing, the minimum distance needed between a target and flankers to allow recognition. The existing Bouma law states that, at a given point and direction in the visual field, critical spacing, measured from the center of a target object to the center of a similar flanking object, is the same for all objects (Pelli & Tillman, 2008). Because flipping an object about its center preserves its center-to-center spacing to other objects, according to the Bouma law, crowding should be unaffected. However, because crowding is a result of feature combination, the location of features within an object might matter. In a series of experiments, we find that critical spacing is affected by the location of features within the flanker. For some flankers, a flip greatly reduces crowding even though it maintains target-flanker spacing and similarity. Our results suggest that the existing Bouma law applies to simple one-part objects, such as a single roman letter or a Gabor patch. Many objects consist of multiple parts; for example, a word is composed of multiple letters that crowd each other. To cope with such complex objects, we revise the Bouma law to say that critical spacing is equal across parts, rather than objects. This accounts for old and new findings.
64 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Bouma as discussed by the authors reviewed Australian Soul: Religion and Spirituality in the 21st Century, a collection of essays about Australian spirituality and faith, 2006, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Abstract: Review(s) of: Australian Soul: Religion and Spirituality in the 21st Century, Gary Bouma (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp.248, $39.95.
50 citations
1 Jan 1998
TL;DR: This chapter discusses two kinds of Composition in French Complex Predicates and its application in Verbal Complexes, as well as investigating the role of rhetoric in the construction of argument structure.
Abstract: Preface A. Abeillo, D. Godard, and I. Sag, "Two Kinds of Composition in French Complex Predicates" G. Bouma and G. van Noord, "Word Order Constraints on Verb Clusters in German and Dutch" M. Butt, "Constraining Argument Merger Through Aspect" E. Hinrichs and T. Nakazawa, "Third Construction and VP Extraposition in German: An HPSG Analysis" C. Chung, "Argument Composition and Long-Distance Scrambling in Korean: An Extension of the Complex Predicate Analysis" A. Kathol, "Constitutency and Linearization of Verbal Complexes" E. Kraak, "A Deductive Account of French Object Clitics" P. Monachesi, "Italian Restructuring Verbs: A Lexical Analysis" G. Webelhuth, "Causatives and the Nature ofArgument Structure" Subject Index
34 citations
TL;DR: Breien et al. as discussed by the authors showed that dense, laminar flows may transport sand through fluidization and incrementally produce sand deposits resembling deposits produced by turbulent turbidity currents.
Abstract: First of all we would like to thank Dr. Shanmugam for his interest in our study of transport mechanisms of sand in deep-marine environments (Breien et al. 2010). In order to answer the remarks of Shanmugam, we here provide some more details around the experiments, and we specify the intention of the study.
The main objective of the experiments presented in our paper was to study transportation and depositional processes in sand-rich slurries run in water, and how these mechanisms respond to changing sand/clay ratios. We find some of the comments of Shanmugam (2011) to be more concentrated on the Bouma sequence and the properties of its divisions Ta–Te, than on the mechanism of sediment transport itself. We do not claim to have produced a complete Bouma sequence (cf. Bouma 1962; Walker 1965; Middleton and Hampton 1973); however, we rather see that our experiments indicate that similar graded-bed deposits may be produced by different transport mechanisms. We show that dense, laminar flows may transport sand through fluidization and incrementally produce sand deposits resembling deposits produced by turbulent turbidity currents. Thus, we regard the process observed in the laboratory as only one out of several mechanisms to transport and deposit clean sand in submarine basins.
As part of a Ph.D. program (Breien 2009), 47 debris flow experiments were performed, prepared with five different compositions of varying sand/clay ratio (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% clay by weight). Content of water and coal …
34 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 3 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2014 | 2 |
| 2012 | 1 |
| 2010 | 1 |
| 2009 | 1 |