Topic
Boriding
About: Boriding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1082 publications have been published within this topic receiving 13725 citations.
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Papers
Book•
1 Feb 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a practical selection guide to help engineers and technicians choose the most efficient surface hardening techniques that offer consistent and repeatable results, focusing on characteristics such as processing temperature, case/coating thickness, bond strength, and hardness level obtained.
Abstract: Surface Hardening of Steels: Understanding the Basics is a practical selection guide to help engineers and technicians choose the most efficient surface hardening techniques that offer consistent and repeatable results. Emphasis is placed on characteristics such as processing temperature, case/coating thickness, bond strength, and hardness level obtained. The advantages and limitations of the various thermochemical, thermal, and coating/surface modification technologies are compared. Economic concerns and health and safety considerations are also addressed. Recent developments in the understanding of the relationships between microstructure and fatigue and wear performance are reviewed, as are more recently introduced surface hardening processes such as vacuum-related technologies, laser processing, CVD/PVD, and ion implantation. Methods for evaluating hardness patterns and depths of hardness for quality control and failure analysis are described. The book also reviews methods for measuring and controlling case depth, residual stresses, and distortion. Metallurgical comparisons are made between those processes that offer rapid heating and rapid cooling (self quenching) characteristics for example, induction hardening and conventional furnace hardening. While all of the surface engineering methods discussed enhance wear resistance, some such as electroless nickel plating, carbide salt-bath deposition, and chrome platingualso offer resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Wear and corrosion data are provided to demonstrate the benefits of each process. Contents: Process Selection Guide Gas Carburizing Vacuum and Plasma Carburizing Pack and Liquid Carburizing Carbonitriding Nitriding Nitrocarburizing Boriding (Boronizing) Thermal Diffusion (TD) Process Surface Hardening by Applied Energy Surface Hardening by Coating or Surface Modification Appendices: The Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram, Hardness Conversion Tables, Austenitizing Temperatures for Steels Index.
259 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the diffusion coefficient of boron in FeB and Fe 2 B phases is obtained through fitting the experimental results into the model, and the simulation results are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
234 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the tribological behavior of polyphase boride samples was investigated under both sliding and abrasion testing conditions, and different values of wear rate were found in different regions of the coatings.
223 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a selection of hot work tool steel grades were surface modified and experimentally evaluated in a dedicated thermal fatigue simulation test, which was based on cyclic induction heating and internal cooling of hollow cylindrical test rods.
Abstract: Thermal fatigue cracking is an important life-limiting failure mechanism in die casting tools. It is observed as a network of fine cracks on the surfaces exposed to thermal cycling. The crack network degrades the surface quality of the tool and, consequently, the surface of the casting. Surface engineered materials are today successfully applied to improve the erosion and corrosion resistance. However, their resistance against thermal fatigue is not fully explored. In this work, a selection of hot work tool steel grades was surface modified and experimentally evaluated in a dedicated thermal fatigue simulation test. The surface modifications included boriding, nitriding, Toyota diffusion (CrC), and physical vapour deposition (PVD) of coatings (CrC, CrN and TiAlN), both as single-layers and deposited after nitriding (duplex treatment). Untreated specimens of each tool steel grade were used as references. The test is based on cyclic induction heating and internal cooling of hollow cylindrical test rods. The surface strain is continuously recorded through a non-contact laser speckle technique. Generally, all surface treatments decreased the resistance against surface cracking as compared to the reference materials. The reason is that the engineering processes influence negatively on the mechanical properties of the tool materials. Of the processes evaluated, duplex treatment was the least destructive. It gave a lower crack density than the reference steel, but the diffusion layer is more susceptible to crack propagation. In addition, the single-layered CrN coating showed almost comparable thermal fatigue cracking resistance as the reference material. Finally, the resistance against thermal crack propagation of surface engineered tool steels is primarily determined by the mechanical properties of the substrate material.
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a boron-compound layer was developed consisting of a surface-adjacent "FeB" sublayer on top of an "Fe2B", and the extent of penetration of the two sublayers as a function of boriding time and temperature in the range 1025-1275 K.
Abstract: Specimens of pure Fe and of Fe-0.8 mass % C, Fe-0.5 mass % Cr, Fe-4.0 mass % Cr, Fe-4.0 mass% Ni, and Fe-10.0 mass% Ni alloys were borided in boriding powder. A boron-compound layer developed consisting of a surface-adjacent “FeB” sublayer on top of an “Fe2B” sublayer. Layer-growth kinetics were analyzed by measuring the extent of penetration of the “FeB” and “Fe2B” sublayers as a function of boriding time and temperature in the range 1025–1275 K. Layer growth is dominated by B diffusion through “FeB/Fe2B”. This diffusion process is of strongly anisotropic nature. Consequently, ragged interfaces occur between the substrate and the boride layers. The depths of the tips of the most deeply penetrated “FeB” and “Fe2B” needles have been taken as measures for diffusion in the easy [001] diffusion directions. Assuming unidirectional B diffusion and parabolic growth, a simple model of layer growth has been given. It accounts for the specific volume difference between “FeB” and “Fe2B”. In contrast with earlier work, the model provides values for the kinetic parameters for growth of each of the phases in the boron-compound layer.
187 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 24 |
| 2024 | 32 |
| 2023 | 45 |
| 2022 | 107 |
| 2021 | 58 |
| 2020 | 70 |