Topic
Borderline intellectual functioning
About: Borderline intellectual functioning is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2366 publications have been published within this topic receiving 75141 citations. The topic is also known as: borderline mental retardation & borderline mental subnormality.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: The results of behavior modification treatment for two groups of similarly constituted, young autistic children showed that 47% achieved normal intellectual and educational functioning, with normal-range IQ scores and successful first grade performance in public schools.
Abstract: Autism is a serious psychological disorder with onset in early childhood. Autistic children show minimal emotional attachment, absent or abnormal speech, retarded IQ, ritualistic behaviors, aggression, and self-injury. The prognosis is very poor, and medical therapies have not proven effective. This article reports the results of behavior modification treatment for two groups of similarly constituted, young autistic children. Follow-up data from an intensive, long-term experimental treatment group (n = 19) showed that 47% achieved normal intellectual and educational functioning, with normal-range IQ scores and successful first grade performance in public schools. Another 40% were mildly retarded and assigned to special classes for the language delayed, and only 10% were profoundly retarded and assigned to classes for the autistic/retarded. In contrast, only 2% of the controlgroup children (n = 40) achieved normal educational and intellectual functioning; 45% were mildly retarded and placed in language-delayed classes, and 53% were severely retarded and placed in autistic/retarded classes. Kanner (1943) defined autistic children as children who exhibit (a) serious failure to develop relationships with other people before 30 months of age, (b) problems in development of normal language, (c) ritualistic and obsessional behaviors ("insistence on sameness"), and (d) potential for normal intelligence. A more complete behavioral definition has been provided elsewhere (Lovaas, Koegel, Simmons, & Long, 1973). The etiology of autism is not known, and the outcome is very poor. In a follow-up study on young autistic children, Rutter (1970) reported that only 1.5% of his group (n = 63) had achieved normat functioning. About 35% showed fair or good adjustment, usually required some degree of supervision, experienced some diffaculties with people, had no personal friends, and showed minor oddities of behavior. The majority (more than 60%) remained severely handicapped and were living in hospitals for mentally retarded or psychotic individuals or in other protective settings. Initial IQ scores appeared stable over time. Other studies (Brown, 1969; DeMyer et al., 1973; Eisenberg, 1956; Free
3,084 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between measures of sensory functioning (visual and auditory acuity) and intelligence (14 cognitive tasks representing a 5-factor space of psychometric intelligence) and found that the average proportion of individual differences in intellectual functioning connected to sensory functioning increased from 11% in adulthood to 31% in old age (70-103 years).
Abstract: Six hundred eighty seven individuals ages 25-103 years were studied cross-sectionally to examine the relationship between measures of sensory functioning (visual and auditory acuity) and intelligence (14 cognitive tasks representing a 5-factor space of psychometric intelligence). As predicted, the average proportion of individual differences in intellectual functioning connected to sensory functioning increased from 11% in adulthood (25-69 years) to 31% in old age (70-103 years). However, the link between fluid intellectual abilities and sensory functioning, albeit of different size, displayed a similarly high connection to age in both age groups. Several explanations are discussed, including a "common cause" hypothesis. In this vein, we argue that the increase in the age-associated link between sensory and intellectual functioning may reflect brain aging and that the search for explanations of cognitive aging phenomena would benefit from attending to factors that are shared between the 2 domains.
1,296 citations
TL;DR: This systematic review and meta-analysis searched for publications between Jan 1, 1993, and Feb 1, 2019 in English or French that reported original research using an observational design on the prevalence of co-occurring mental health conditions in people with autism and reported confirmed clinical diagnoses of the co- Occurring conditions and autism using DSM or ICD criteria.
1,218 citations
TL;DR: Children who have iron-deficiency anemia in infancy are at risk for long-lasting developmental disadvantage as compared with their peers with better iron status.
Abstract: Background. Iron-deficiency anemia has been associated with lowered scores on tests of mental and motor development in infancy. However, the long-term developmental outcome of infants with iron deficiency is unknown, because developmental tests in infancy do not predict later intellectual functioning. Methods. This study is a follow-up evaluation of a group of Costa Rican children whose iron status and treatment were documented in infancy. Eighty-five percent (163) of the 191 children in the original group underwent comprehensive clinical, nutritional, and psychoeducational assessments at five years of age. The developmental test battery consisted of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, the Spanish version of the Woodcock—Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery, the Beery Developmental Test of Visual—Motor Integration, the Goodenough—Harris Draw-a-Man Test, and the Bruininks—Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Results. All the children had excellent hematologic Status and growth ...
1,067 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between age, sensory functioning (i.e., visual and auditory acuity), and intelligence in a heterogeneous, age-stratified sample of old and very old individuals.
Abstract: Relations among age, sensory functioning (i.e., visual and auditory acuity), and intelligence were examined in a heterogeneous, age-stratified sample of old and very old individuals (N = 156, M age = 84.9 years, age range = 70-103). Intelligence was assessed with 14 tests measuring 5 cognitive abilities (speed, reasoning, memory, knowledge, and fluency). Together, visual and auditory acuity accounted for 49.2% of the total and 93.1% of the age-related reliable variance in intelligence. The data were consistent with structural models in which age differences in intelligence, including speed, are completely mediated by differences in vision and hearing. Results suggest that sensory functioning is a strong late-life predictor of individual differences in intellectual functioning. Explanations are discussed, including the possibility that visual and sensory acuity are indicators of the physiological integrity of the aging brain (common cause hypothesis).
933 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 9 |
| 2024 | 20 |
| 2023 | 29 |
| 2022 | 40 |
| 2021 | 98 |
| 2020 | 109 |