Topic
Border Disease
About: Border Disease is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 290 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6059 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Border disease (BD) is a congenital virus disease of sheep and goats first reported in 1959 from the border region of England and Wales and is closely related to classical swine fever virus and bovine virus diarrhoea virus.
Abstract: Border disease (BD) is a congenital virus disease of sheep and goats first reported in 1959 from the border region of England and Wales. BD virus (BDV) is a pestivirus in the genus Flaviviridae and is closely related to classical swine fever virus and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Nearly all isolates of BDV are non-cytopathogenic (ncp) in cell culture. There are no defined serotypes but pestiviruses isolated from sheep exhibit considerable antigenic diversity and three distinct antigenic groups have been identified. Distribution of the virus is worldwide. Prevalence rates vary in sheep from 5 to 50% between countries and from region-to-region within countries. The disease in goats is rare and characterized by abortion. Clinical signs in sheep include barren ewes, abortions, stillbirths and the birth of small weak lambs. Affected lambs can show tremor, abnormal body conformation and hairy fleeces (so-called 'hairy-shaker' or 'fuzzy' lambs). Vertical transmission plays an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. Infection of fetuses can result in the birth of persistently infected (PI) lambs. These PI lambs are viraemic, antibody negative and constantly excrete virus. The virus spreads from sheep to sheep with PI animals being the most potent source of infection. Apparently healthy PI sheep resulting from congenital infection can be identified by direct detection of viral antigen or viral RNA in leukocytes or by isolation of ncp virus from blood or serum in laboratory cell cultures. Isolation of virus is unreliable in lambs younger than 2 months old that have received colostral antibody. The isolation of virus from tissues of aborted or stillborn lambs is difficult but tissues from PI sheep contain easily detectable levels of virus. To detect the growth of virus in cell cultures it is essential to use an immune-labelling method. Acute infection is usually subclinical and viraemia is transient and difficult to detect. Sheep may also be infected following close contact with cattle excreting the closely related BVDV.
205 citations
TL;DR: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection continues to have a significant impact upon US cattle producers despite the availability of more than 140 federally licensed vaccines, andylogenetic analysis and differences in virulence suggest that BVDV2 are heterogeneous.
165 citations
TL;DR: Two pestiviruses are described, one a cell culture contaminant and the other isolated from a buffalo, that cluster with a recently proposed novel pestivirus species.
156 citations
TL;DR: It is recommended that monoclonal typing methods be introduced into official procedures for the diagnosis of hog cholera/classical swine fever.
145 citations
TL;DR: The study supports the assertion that cattle persistently infected with BVDV and in close contact with pregnant sheep, are an important source of strains of virus capable of causing border disease.
Abstract: Two outbreaks of border disease occurred on farms with sheep flocks and breeding cattle. The infection of the pregnant sheep was probably caused by transmission of virus from calves persistently infected with non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) which were kept in close confinement with the ewes during mid-pregnancy. Border disease was also induced experimentally in eight lambs by exposing their dams at 38 to 78 days of gestation to a heifer persistently infected with BVDV. Both the natural and the experimental infections were characterised by typical signs such as 'hairy-shaker' lambs and high lamb mortality. The diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolations from live-born lambs, seroconversion and pathology. The study supports the assertion that cattle persistently infected with BVDV and in close contact with pregnant sheep, are an important source of strains of virus capable of causing border disease.
118 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 2 |
| 2020 | 4 |
| 2019 | 3 |
| 2018 | 7 |
| 2017 | 3 |
| 2016 | 5 |