Border Collie

Abstract: In recent times, several metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed for solving real world optimization problems. In this paper, a new metaheuristic algorithm, called the Border Collie Optimization is introduced. The algorithm is developed by mimicking the sheep herding styles of Border Collie dogs. The Border Collie's unique herding style from the front as well as from the sides is adopted successfully in this paper. In this algorithm, the entire population is divided into two parts viz., dogs and sheep. This is done to equally focus on both exploration and exploitation of the search space. The Border Collie utilizes a predatory move called eyeing. This technique of the dogs is utilized to prevent the algorithm from getting stuck into local optima. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed algorithm has been carried out using the Sobol's sensitivity indices with the Sobol g-function for tuning of parameters. The proposed algorithm is applied on thirty-five benchmark functions. The proposed algorithm provides very competitive results, when compared with seven state-of-the-art algorithms like Ant Colony optimization, Differential algorithm, Genetic algorithm, Grey-wolf optimizer, Harris Hawk optimization, Particle Swarm optimization and Whale optimization algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analytically and visually tested by different methods to judge its supremacy. Finally, the statistical significance of the proposed algorithm is established by comparing it with other algorithms by employing Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman test.

Abstract: We performed a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of a border collie program implemented in 1990 to control nuisance Canada geese (Branta canadensis) at the Dow Jones & Company (DJC) corporate complex in New Jersey. Personnel at DJC were interviewed to obtain the origin, details, costs, and perceived effects of the program. Aerial waterfowl survey and ground count data (1982 to 1997) were examined to document yearly changes in Canada goose numbers at DJC and for the surrounding area. At DJC, the border collie program successfully eliminated Canada geese and the problems associated with their presence, despite the fact that the number of geese in the surrounding area increased during the same time period. The estimated cost of implementing the program in 1990 was $9,400, with an approximate annual maintenance cost of $2,000. Logistic, social, and legal aspects of the program are discussed and recommendations for implementing a border collie goose control program are provided. The border collie program was effective in addressing overabundance of Canada geese at DJC; however, it did not contribute to a solution for the larger problem of overabundance of both resident and wintering goose populations in the region.

Abstract: Five Border Collie dogs with ceroid-lipofuscinosis developed progressive neurological disease between 18 and 22 months of age. These dogs had behavioural abnormalities, gait and visual deficits and became progressively demented. All dogs examined had common ancestors. Light microscopic examination of tissues demonstrated extensive accumulation of granular, sudan black-staining autofluorescent material in the cytoplasm of neurones, retinal ganglion cells and some visceral cells. At ultrastructural examination inclusions of variable morphology were observed.

Abstract: Multiple cartilaginous exostoses were diagnosed in a two-year-old Great Dane and a four-month-old border collie. Clinically, the Great Dane showed only mild discomfort, while the border collie exhibited tetraparesis due to cervicothoracic compression. Unusual features in the Great Dane were exostoses that bridged physes, with progression after skeletal maturity. The border collie puppy's exostoses resembled tumoral calcinosis radiographically. Limb exostoses in this puppy often were para-articular, and most were not attached to the underlying bone. These features resembled metachondromatosis in humans. Analysis of previously reported cases of multiple cartilaginous exostoses indicated that the prognosis is guarded to poor.