TL;DR: The SSN system presented here has already been applied clinically and its precision has been evaluated by bone segment navigation in human cadavers.
Abstract: Computer-assisted bone segment navigation is defined as the precise 3-D positioning of geometrically mapped and mathematically described skeletal segments. These bone segments are osteotomized, fractured or prefabricated according to a surgical plan. The high-precision positioning should have an accuracy of 1 mm or better. Segment navigation should be prepared with plain computed tomography (CT) without the implantation of registration markers before CT in order to reduce the number of CTs and operations. The Surgical Segment Navigator (SSN) was developed at the University of Regensburg with the support of Carl Zeiss. This is the first system to meet these criteria. The SSN is based on an infrared positioning device which is connected to a Hewlett Packard LD Pro Workstation. Infrared transmitters are connected to individual templates which are fixed to the bone segment by osteosynthesis screws. Intraoperative correlation between surgical planning and surgical site is achieved by use of a surface-pattern of the bone segment which fits equally well to the laboratory model and the conditions encountered in the patient. The concept of the SSN was submitted by Carl Zeiss as German Patent DE 19747427 A1 in 1997. The SSN system presented here has already been applied clinically and its precision has been evaluated by bone segment navigation in human cadavers.
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for bone segment navigation with a planning unit for planning a bone segment displacement, a marker arrangement to be connected to the bone segment, a position sensing unit which senses the position of the marker arrangement, and an indication and processing unit, which is connected to both the positioning unit and the planning unit, is presented.
Abstract: A system for bone segment navigation with a planning unit for planning a bone segment displacement, a marker arrangement to be connected to a bone segment, a position sensing unit which senses the position of the marker arrangement, and an indication and processing unit, which is connected to the position sensing unit and to the planning unit, in order to indicate the deviation of the present position of the bone segment from a planned final bone segment position or from a planned bone segment displacement path The marker arrangement is connected in an unambiguously reproducible manner to the bone segment by a template allocated to the bone segment After the template has been placed and fastened on the bone segment, a correlation is possible between the patient and the image data set or the planning data set, without probing and sensing individual bone points according to position by means of a pointer
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for bone segment navigation with a planning unit for planning a bone segment displacement, a marker arrangement to be connected to the bone segment, a position sensing unit which senses the position of the marker arrangement, and an indication and processing unit, which is connected to both the positioning unit and the planning unit, is presented.
Abstract: not available for EP0955927Abstract of corresponding document: US6241735A system for bone segment navigation with a planning unit for planning a bone segment displacement, a marker arrangement to be connected to a bone segment, a position sensing unit which senses the position of the marker arrangement, and an indication and processing unit, which is connected to the position sensing unit and to the planning unit, in order to indicate the deviation of the present position of the bone segment from a planned final bone segment position or from a planned bone segment displacement path The marker arrangement is connected in an unambiguously reproducible manner to the bone segment by a template allocated to the bone segment After the template has been placed and fastened on the bone segment, a correlation is possible between the patient and the image data set or the planning data set, without probing and sensing individual bone points according to position by means of a pointer
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for bone segment navigation with a planning unit for planning a bone segment displacement, a marker arrangement to be connected to the bone segment, a position sensing unit which senses the position of the marker arrangement, and an indication and processing unit, which is connected to both the positioning unit and the planning unit, is presented.
Abstract: A system for bone segment navigation with a planning unit for planning a bone segment displacement, a marker arrangement to be connected to a bone segment, a position sensing unit which senses the position of the marker arrangement, and an indication and processing unit, which is connected to the position sensing unit and to the planning unit, in order to indicate the deviation of the present position of the bone segment from a planned final bone segment position or from a planned bone segment displacement path. The marker arrangement is connected in an unambiguously reproducible manner to the bone segment by a template allocated to the bone segment. After the template has been placed and fastened on the bone segment, a correlation is possible between the patient and the image data set or the planning data set, without probing and sensing individual bone points according to position by means of a pointer.
TL;DR: A new bone segment navigation device for application in orthopaedic surgery that allows for exact and CT-free alignment of bone segments according to a preset plan and the usability without CT data and a very simple user interface is described.
Abstract: This article describes a new bone segment navigation device for orthopaedic surgery. It allows for exact and CT-free alignment of bone segments according to a preset plan. The system guides the user through the initialisation process with only minor interaction. Once the bone segments are registered, an intuitive graphical model visualises current spatial position relative to a desired (initial or planned) position. Advantages of the system are the usability without CT data and a very simple user interface. We describe components of the system and an initial experiment to measure the overall repositioning error within a conventional intervention.