Blitum

Abstract: Five new subsections and five new combinations of subsectional rank are validated within Chenopodium subg. Blitum (L.) Hiitonen and Chenopodium L. subg. Chenopodium. In subgenus Blitum these are: Chenopodium subsect. Foliosa Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants; and Chenopodium subsect. Capitata Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants. In subgenus Chenopodium the new subsections are: Chenopodium subsect. Polysperma Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants; Chenopodium subsect. Undata Aellen & Iljin ex Mosyakin & Clemants; and Chenopodium subsect. Standleyana Mosyakin & Clemants. The new combinations in subgenus Chenopodium are: Chenopodium subsect. Urbica (Standley) Mosyakin & Clemants; Chenopodium subsect. Leptophylla (Standley) Clemants & Mosyakin; Chenopodium subsect. Fremontiana (Standley) Clemants & Mosyakin; Chenopodium subsect. Favosa (Aellen) Mosyakin & Clemants; and Chenopodium subsect. Cicatricosa (Aellen) Mosyakin & Clemants. Delimitation of some other infrageneric taxa is discussed. The genus Chenopodium L. (Chenopodiaceae) may be subdivided into three natural subgenera: Chenopodium subg. Ambrosia A. J. Scott, subg. Blitum (L.) Hiitonen, and subg. Chenopodium. There has been a fair amount of debate about the proper type for Chenopodium. Britton and Brown (1913) were the first to select a lectotype (C. rubrum L.), but Hitchcock and Green (1929) adopted C. album L. as the lectotype. This later choice has been accepted in recent literature (Jarvis et al., 1993; Greuter et al., 1993; for additional arguments see Uotila, 1993; Mosyakin, 1993), and is thus followed in this paper as well. The infrageneric taxonomy of the genus has been extensively discussed in several publications (Standley, 1916; Aellen & Iljin, 1936; Kowal, 1953; Aellen, 1960; Scott, 1978). However, in preparing treatments of Chenopodium for forthcoming volumes of the Flora Europae Orientalis (Mosyakin), the Flora of North America, and the Flora of Japan (Clemants) it has become evident that new infrageneric taxa and combinations should be validated within Chenopodium subg. Blitum and Chenopodium subg. Chenopodium. Chenopodium subg. Blitum (L.) Hiitonen, Suomen Kasvio: 307. 1933. TYPE: Blitum capitatum L. (= Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi (lectotype of the genus Blitum L., selected by Britton & Brown, 1913). If Chenopodium rubrum were considered the lectotype of Chenopodium, then this would have to be called Chenopodium subg. Chenopodium. However, if the genus Blitum is recognized, this lectotypification of Chenopodium by C. rubrum may cause serious disruption in the nomenclature of the majority of species currently placed in Chenopodium. Ignatov (1988) redundantly made the same combination at the subgeneric level. Chenopodium [sect. Blitum (L.) Hooker fil.] subsect. Foliosa Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants, subsect. nov. Chenopodium sect. Eublitum (Moquin-Tandon) Aellen subsect. Foliosa Kowal, Monogr. Bot. (Warszawa) 1: 113. 1953 (invalid name: Polish description); Aellen in Hegi, I1lustr. Fl. Mitteleur., ed. 2, 3/2: 577. 1961 (invalid name: German description). TYPE: C. foliosum Ascherson (= Blitum virgatum L.). Perianthii segmenta in fructus tempore succulenta (rarius exsucca). Semen margine canaliculatum vel obtusatum. Inflorescentia plerumque foliosa. Perianth segments succulent at maturity, forming characteristic berry-like clusters (rarely non-succulent). Seeds with canaliculate or obtuse margins. Inflorescence normally leafy (flowering clusters with subtending leaves/bracts almost to the top). This subsection includes the C. foliosum aggregate: C. foliosum s. str., C. exsuccum (Loscos) Uotila, C. litwinowii (Paulsen) Uotila (= C. korshinskyi NovoN 6: 398-403. 1996. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.211 on Tue, 27 Sep 2016 03:59:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 6, Number 4 Mosyakin & Clemants 399 1996 Chenopodium Litvinov). All members of this subsection are native to the Old World: mostly mountainous regions of Eurasia; however, C. foliosum at present occasionally occurs almost worldwide as an escaped, naturalized, or casual alien. Chenopodium [sect. Blitum (L.) Hooker fil.] subsect. Capitata Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants, subsect. nov. Chenopodium sect. Eubliturn (Moquin-Tandon) Aellen subsect. Capitata Kowal, Monogr. Bot. (Warszawa) 1: 113. 1953 (invalid name: Polish description); Aellen in Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mitteleur., ed. 2, 3/2: 577. 1961 (invalid name: German description). TYPE: C. capitatum (L.) Ambrosi (= Blitum capitatum L.). Perianthii segmenta in fructus tempore succulenta (rarius exsucca). Semen acute marginatum vel carinato-marginatum. Inflorescentia plerumque aphylla vel subaphylla. Perianth segments succulent at maturity, forming characteristic berry-like clusters (rarely non-succulent). Seeds with acute or keeled margins. Inflorescence normally leafless (flowering clusters without subtending leaves or bracts, or with a few bracts only near the base). Members of this subsection (C. capitatum aggregate: C. capitatum s. str., C. overi Aellen) are New World in origin; C. capitatum has been cultivated (especially in Europe), and sporadically occurs as an escaped or casual alien in many countries. Chenopodium subg. Chenopodium Note. If C. rubrum were considered the lectotype for Chenopodium (Britton & Brown, 1913), then this subgenus would be in need of a new name or combination. Chenopodium sect. Grossefoveata Aellen & Iljin ex Mosyakin, Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 50(5): 75. 1993. Chenopodium sect. Chenopodia ser. Grossefoveata Aellen & Iljin, Fl. SSSR 6: 55. 1936 (invalid name: Russian description). Chenopodium sect. Chenopodium subsect. Grossefoveata Aellen, in Aellen & Just, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 75. 1943 (invalid name: English description); Aellen in Hegi, I1lustr. Fl. Mitteleur., ed. 2, 3/2: 577. 1961 (invalid name: German description). TYPE: C.

Abstract: Amaranthus blitum L. and its infraspecific variability in the United States are analyzed using classical morphological and some new Scanning Electron Microscope characters. Two new combinations within A. blitum are proposed, A. blitum subsp. oleraceus and A. blitum subsp. emarginatus var. pseudogracilis. For the first time, A. graecizans L. is confirmed as occurring in North America. Some nomenclatural issues involving A. blitum L. and A. graecizans L. are also discussed. RESUMEN Se analiza Amaranthus blitum L y su variabilidad intraespecifica en los Estados Unidos, utilizando los caracteres clasicos y algunos nuevos observados con el Microscopio Electronico de Barrido. Se proponen dos combinaciones nuevas para Amaranthus blitum, A. blitum subsp. oleraceus y A. blitum subsp. emarginatus var. pseudogracilis. Por primera vez se confirma la presencia de Amaranthus graecizans en Norte America. Se analizan tambien algunos problemas de nomenclatura de Amaranthus blitum y Amaranthus graecizans.

Abstract: A comprehensive nomenclatural study of the 109 names in Acnida , Amaranthus [1] and Euxolus, which were firstly published by Moquin-Tandon, is here presented. 49 names are invalid since 1) were proposed as synonyms under legitimate names (36 names, Art. 36.1c of the ICN), 2) are nomina nuda (11 names, Art. 38.2 Ex. 1 of the ICN), or 3) were uncorrectly named or published (2 names). 10 names are actually new proposed combinations. The remaining 50 names are valid (48 legitimate and 2 illegitimate). Six names ( Ac. tuberculata , Am. hybridus var. erythrostachys , Am. sect. Pyxidium , Am. muricatus , E. caudatus var. gracilis , and E. caudatus var. maximus ) are already lectotypified, while the remaining ones appears to be untypified. Types (lecto-, isolecto- and neo-) are designated on specimens preserved at BR, G, GH, HAL, HOH, K, MO, MPU, P, UPS, and iconographies by Vellozo (for Am. brasiliensis ), Wight ( Am. tristis var. wightii ), Morandi ( Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens ), and Dodoens ( Euxolus viridis var. rubens ). Syntypes are preserved at BR, MO, RO, and TUB. For the nomenclatural purposes the name Am. lanceolatus was also investigated and lectotypified on a specimen preserved at P. No typifications were proposed for 4 names: Am. paniculatus var. monstruosus (which is to be considered a teratogenous form) Am. flavus var. bernhardi , Am. hypochondriacus var. racemosus , and Am. tristis var. flexuosus . Concerning the latter three names, since the difficult in understanding the concepts of these taxa and finding useful specimens and in the interest of nomenclatural stability, a rejection of is hoped for (Art. 56 of the ICN). New synonymies are proposed for Amaranthus blitum var. nanus (= Am. blitoides ), Am. brasiliensis (= Am. cruentus ), Am. tristis var. leptostachys (= Am. cruentus ), Euxolus viridis var. rubens and Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens (= Am. blitum var. blitum ). The name Amaranthus × wallichii was proposed to formalize a putative hybrid between Am. cruentus and Am. hybridus , which still does not appear to be published.