Topic
Blat
About: Blat is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 43 publications have been published within this topic receiving 10564 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: How BLAT was optimized is described, which is more accurate and 500 times faster than popular existing tools for mRNA/DNA alignments and 50 times faster for protein alignments at sensitivity settings typically used when comparing vertebrate sequences.
Abstract: Analyzing vertebrate genomes requires rapid mRNA/DNA and cross-species protein alignments A new tool, BLAT, is more accurate and 500 times faster than popular existing tools for mRNA/DNA alignments and 50 times faster for protein alignments at sensitivity settings typically used when comparing vertebrate sequences BLAT's speed stems from an index of all nonoverlapping K-mers in the genome This index fits inside the RAM of inexpensive computers, and need only be computed once for each genome assembly BLAT has several major stages It uses the index to find regions in the genome likely to be homologous to the query sequence It performs an alignment between homologous regions It stitches together these aligned regions (often exons) into larger alignments (typically genes) Finally, BLAT revisits small internal exons possibly missed at the first stage and adjusts large gap boundaries that have canonical splice sites where feasible This paper describes how BLAT was optimized Effects on speed and sensitivity are explored for various K-mer sizes, mismatch schemes, and number of required index matches BLAT is compared with other alignment programs on various test sets and then used in several genome-wide applications http://genomeucscedu hosts a web-based BLAT server for the human genome
9,208 citations
Book•
13 Aug 1998
TL;DR: In the post-Soviet period, the use of personal networks became a form of exchange between gift and commodity as mentioned in this paper, and the concept of blat was introduced as the unknown phenomenon.
Abstract: List of cartoons List of figures and tables Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Blat: the unknown phenomenon 2. Understanding blat 3. The Soviet order: a view from within 4. The use of personal networks 5.Blat as a form of exchange: between gift and commodity 6. Networking in the post-Soviet period Appendix Bibliography Index.
1,256 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the architecture of blat and guanxi and some of the similarities between them and argue that personal networks in Russia and China are products of specific cultural heritages and as such have their own particular configurations and characteristics.
423 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the role of favor exchange practices (Chinese guanxi and Russian blat) on investment and entrepreneurship, and found that without a way to build trust or extend networks, Russians retreated into defensive involution, and engaged in predatory behavior against those outside their small circles of friends.
Abstract: This paper explores the role of favor exchange practices—Chinese guanxi and Russian blat —on investment and entrepreneurship. In both societies policies which supported marketization were undermined by actual institutions, including an insufficient legal structure for enforcing contracts. But cultural resources armed Chinese and Russians differently to react to these circumstances. Guanxi practice allowed people to create networks, to build trust, and to reach out. It was a tool which could be used to build enough trust to allow business transactions to succeed—capitalism without contracts. In contrast, Russian blat devolved into corruption, and faded in importance for ordinary citizens. Without a way to build trust or extend networks, Russians retreated into defensive involution, and engaged in predatory behavior against those outside their small circles of friends. Instead of capitalism without contracts, Russia suffered the depredations of capitalists without capitalism.
90 citations
Book•
1 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Ledeneva, S.Miller, T.Koshechkina, and A.Grodeland as discussed by the authors discuss the historical relation of corruption in Russian literature and present the representation of Bribery in 19th-century Russian literature.
Abstract: Preface Notes on the Contributors Introduction A.Ledeneva, S.Lovell & A.Rogachevskii Payment, Gift or Bribe? Exploring the Boundaries in Pre-Petrine Russia C.J.Potter Patrimonialism versus Rational Bureaucracy: On the Historical Relativity of Corruption V.Volkov Bribery and Justice in the Provinces in the Reign of Catherine II: J.Hartley Self-Interested Giving: Bribery and Etiquette in Late Imperial Russia C.Kelly Bureaucracy on Trial: A Malaise in Official Life as Represented in Nineteenth-Century Russian Thought I.Davydova The Representation of Bribery in Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature A.Rogachevskii Reciprocity and the Soviet Culture Revolution: The Literary Perspective S.Lovell Blat in Stalin's Time S.Fitzpatrick Continuity and Change of Blat Practices in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia A.Ledeneva Bribery as Reflected in the Russian Language J.A.Dunn Bribery as Reflected in Contemporary Russia C.Humphrey Attitudes to Bribery and Blat in Contemporary Russian Society: The Psychologist's View V.Spiridonov Bureaucratic Encounters in Post-Communist Regimes: Evidence from Twenty-Six Focus Groups in the Former Soviet Union and East-Central Europe W.L.Miller, T.Koshechkina & A.Grodeland 'Who's the Boss: Us or the Law? The Corrupt Art of Governing Russia M.Galeotti Index
77 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2015 | 2 |
| 2014 | 6 |