TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of carboxylate groups in polygalacturonic acid (PGA) complexes with Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ was investigated by potentiometric titration of the polyelectrolyte in presence of varying amounts of metal ions.
TL;DR: In this article, the carbonic acid content of a water can be represented as a function of the hydrogen in concentration and the total alkalinity of the water, and a very convenient approximation equation to enable the carbon acid to be calculated from the pH and total alkalininity is derived and presented in tabular form.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate ion concentration on product formation was investigated independently by a dissolved carbon dioxide controlled culture at a constant pH level.
Abstract: The concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the liquid phase was in proportion to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the gas phase, and that of bicarbonate ions was in proportion to the dissolved carbon dioxide tension and pH of the liquid. Although the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was maintained at the same level, the bicarbonate ion concentration varied depending upon the difference in pH values. Thus, the influence of the carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate ion concentration on the product formation was investigated independently by a dissolved carbon dioxide controlled culture at a constant pH level.The production of inosine was highly affected by the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The yield of inosine, however, was shown to be independent of the bicarbonate ion concentration in the culturing liquid.