Topic
Bivariate map
About: Bivariate map is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 85 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3394 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: This essay has tried to illustrate the fact that error in choroplethic mapping inhibits the transfer of information and that there are methods for improving this type of map as a communicative tool.
Abstract: Communication, whether oral, written, or graphic depends upon the ability of one individual to transfer information to another. In this essay we have tried to illustrate the fact that error in choroplethic mapping inhibits the transfer of information and that there are methods for improving this type of map as a communicative tool. We have done this by first defining overview, tabular, and boundary map uses. Second, techniques for the measurement of the error components of these three uses have been developed. Third, new reiterative and forcing manipulative techniques for choroplethic map data processing have been evolved. Lastly, the relationship between map accuracy and the information carrying capacity of a choroplethic map is set forth in hypothetical terms.
646 citations
Book•
1 Jul 2004
TL;DR: The history of Cartography can be found in this paper, where the Earth and its Coordinate System are discussed. And the principles of map projection, color, scale and Cartographic Generalization are presented.
Abstract: 1. Introduction. I. PRINCIPLES OF CARTOGRAPHY. 2. History of Thematic Cartography. 3. Statistical and Graphical Foundation. 4. Principles of Symbolization. 5. Data Classification. 6. Scale and Cartographic Generalization. 7. The Earth and its Coordinate System. 8. Elements of Map Projections. 9. Selecting an Appropriate Projection. 10. Principles of Color. 11. Elements of Map Design. 12. Map Production and Dissemination. II. MAPPING TECHNIQUES. 13. Choropleth Mapping. 14. Isarithmic Mapping. 15. Symbolizing Topography. 16. Proportional Symbol Mapping. 17. Dot and Dasymetric Mapping. 18. Bivariate and Multivariate Mapping. 19. Additional Techniques. III. GEOGRAPHIC VISUALIZAION. 20. Animation. 21. Data Exploration. 22. Electronic Atlases and Miltimedia. 23. Visualizing Data Quality. 24. Virtual and Mixed Environments. 25. Ongoing Developments.
432 citations
TL;DR: The authors compared seven methods using responses by fifty-six subjects in a two-part experiment involving nine series of U.S. mortality maps and found that matched legends across a series of maps (when possible) increased map-comparison accuracy by approximately 28 percent.
Abstract: Our research goal was to determine which choropleth classification methods are most suitable for epidemiological rate maps. We compared seven methods using responses by fifty-six subjects in a two-part experiment involving nine series of U.S. mortality maps. Subjects answered a wide range of general map-reading questions that involved individual maps and comparisons among maps in a series. The questions addressed varied scales of map-reading, from individual enumeration units, to regions, to whole-map distributions. Quantiles and minimum boundary error classification methods were best suited for these general choropleth map-reading tasks. Natural breaks (Jenks) and a hybrid version of equal-intervals classing formed a second grouping in the results, both producing responses less than 70 percent as accurate as for quantiles. Using matched legends across a series of maps (when possible) increased map-comparison accuracy by approximately 28 percent. The advantages of careful optimization procedures in chorop...
429 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of a review of previous color research and an experiment designed to test specific combinations of colors on maps, criteria were established and evaluated for selecting colors for choropleth maps of mortality data.
Abstract: Use of color for representing health data on maps raises many unanswered questions. This research addresses questions about which colors allow accurate map reading and which colors map users prefer. Through the combination of a review of previous color research and an experiment designed to test specific combinations of colors on maps, criteria were established and evaluated for selecting colors for choropleth maps of mortality data. The color-selection criteria provide pairs of hues for diverging schemes that avoid naming and colorblind confusions. We also tested sequential and spectral schemes. Our results show that color is worth the extra effort and expense it adds to map making because it permits greater accuracy in map reading. In addition, people prefer color maps over monochrome maps. Interestingly, scheme preference is affected by levels of clustering within mapped distributions. In this research, people preferred spectral and purple/green hue combinations. Contrary to our expectations, spectral ...
154 citations
TL;DR: In this article, color schemes for bivariate maps are viewed as continuous transformations from color models to the unit square with appropriate restrictions involving hue, saturation, and brightness, and several schemes, including those used by the US Census Bureau, are criticized on the basis of this theory.
Abstract: Consideration of some practical uses of statistical bivariate maps—for example, display of association between variables—leads to principles for making effective use of color to represent data values Effective color schemes for bivariate maps are viewed as continuous transformations from color models to the unit square with appropriate restrictions involving hue, saturation, and brightness Several schemes, including those used by the US Census Bureau, are criticized on the basis of this theory
122 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 |
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 2 |
| 2018 | 2 |
| 2017 | 5 |
| 2016 | 5 |