Bishops

Abstract: In July 2016, during a closed session with Polish bishops, Pope Francis stated, “In Europe, America, Latin America, Africa, and in some countries of Asia, there are genuine forms of ideolog...

Abstract: 1. This terrible custom 2. Church of the traitors 3. Poisonous brood of vipers 4. Archives of memory 5. City of denial 6. Ravens feeding on death 7. Little foxes, evil women 8. Guardians of the people 9. In the house of discipline 10. Sing a new song 11. Kings of our age 12. We choose to stand 13. Athletes of death 14. Bad boys 15. Men of blood 16. Divine winds Appendix A. Bishops and bishoprics in Africa: the numbers Appendix B. Origins of the division: chronology Appendix C. The Catholic conference of 348 Appendix D. The peasant jacquerie of Axido and Fasir Appendix E. The mission of Paul and Macarius Appendix F. Historical fictions: interpreting the circumcellions Appendix G. The archaeology of suicide Appendix H. African sermons.

Abstract: Preface Abbreviations Ancient Sources: Texts, Editions, and Translations I. Roman and Greek: State and Subject 1. Introduction: Roman and Greek 2. Imperial Legislation 3. Theodosius's Greek Empire 4. Latin and Greek 5. The Greek City, and Greek Literary Culture 6. Letters and the Rhetoric of Persuasion II. Security and Insecurity 1. Introduction 2. The Military Structure 3. Constantinople and the West 4. Border Wars in Libya and Egypt 5. The Eastern Frontier: Sasanids and Saracens 6. The Danube Frontier and the Huns III. Integration and Diversity 1. Latin in Government 2. Greek as the Lingua Franca 3. Greek and Other Languages at the Church Councils 4. The Public Role and Status of Syriac in the Fifth-Century Church 5. The Empire, the Church, and Paganism 6. Samaritans and Jews IV. State and Church: Civil Administration, Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, and Spiritual Power 1. Religious Conflicts and Spiritual Authority 2. State and Church: Regional Structures of Hierarchy and Authority 3. State and Church: Contested Borders 4. Theodosius and Heresy 5. The Nestorian Controversy and the Two Councils of Ephesus V. State Power and Moral Defiance: Nestorius and Irenaeus 1. Introduction: Sources and Perspectives 2. Episcopal Persuasion and the Imperial Will 3. Nestorius: Return to Monastic Life, Condemnation and Exile 4. Renewed Controversy, Imperial Condemnation, and Popular Reaction VI. Persuasion, Influence, and Power 1. Structures and Persons 2. The Routine of Public Persuasion: The Suggestio 3. Identifying Powerful Intermediaries 4. Approaching the Emperor Appendix A. The Acta of the Fifth-Century Councils: A Brief Guide for Historians Appendix B. Verbatim Reports of Proceedings from the Reign of Theodosius II Illustrations IA. The Theodosian Empire: Civil Government, Northern Half IB. The Theodosian Empire: Civil Government, Southern Half II. The Syriac Codex of 411, written in Edessa III. Autograph Greeting by Theodosius on a Letter to an Official IV. Church Built at Dar Qita, Syria, in 418 V. Statue of the Governor Oecumenius from Aphrodisias VI. Reconstruction of the Statue of the Governor Oecumenius with its Inscribed Base VII. The Structure of the Army of Theodosius's Empire VIII. Legionary Dispositions on the Danube Frontier IX. Legionary Dispositions on the Eastern Frontier X. Cities in the Balkan and Danubian Region whose Bishops attended one or more of the Fifth-Century Church Councils XI. The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy in the Northern Part of the Secular Diocese of Oriens General Index Index of Sources

Abstract: Preface List of Abbreviations 1. Church and Society 2. The Divisions of Time I. The Primitive Age, c. 700-c. 1050 II. The Age of Growth, c. 1050-c. 1300 The main development The rise and limits of clerical supremacy The positive achievement III. The Age of Unrest, c. 1300-c. 1550 The changing environment Political change and reaction 3. The Divisions of Christendom I. The Seeds of Disunity Divergent habits Political separation Doctrinal differences II. The Two Churches III. The Search for Reunion The military way The political package deal The way of understanding Regression 4. The Papacy I. The Primitive Age, c. 700-c. 1050 The Vicar of St. Peter The supreme temporal lord II. The Age of Growth, c. 1050-c. 1300 The Vicar of Christ The growth of business The primacy and temporal power The lawyer-popes III. The Inflationary Spiral, c. 1300-c. 1520 Indulgences International politics The struggle for benefices 5. Bishops and Archbishops I. The Carolingian Church Order and Its Break-Up The formation of a bishop The break-up of the Carolingian ideal II. Bishops in the Service of the Pope An archbishop in northern France An archbishop in England A bishop in Germany An episcopal family in northern Italy 6. The Religious Orders I. The Benedictines The Rule The centuries of greatness Change and decay II. The New Orders The Augustinian canons The Cistercians III. The Friars The environment Aims and origins Growth and achievement 7. Fringe Orders and Anti-Orders I. The General Environment The behaviour of crowds The influence of women in religious life II. A Confusion of Tongues The beguines of Cologne The religious brethren of Deventer and its neighbourhood Epilogue List of Popes, 590-153Index