TL;DR: This work focuses on the homeostatic removal of apoptotic cells in tissues and challenges the way dying cells themselves are viewed, as well as how healthy cells interact with and respond to dying cells.
Abstract: Human bodies collectively turn over about 200 billion to 300 billion cells every day. Such turnover is an integral part of embryonic and postnatal development, as well as routine tissue homeostasis. This process involves the induction of programmed cell death in specific cells within the tissues and the specific recognition and removal of dying cells by a clearance 'crew' composed of professional, non-professional and specialized phagocytes. In the past few years, considerable progress has been made in identifying many features of apoptotic cell clearance. Some of these new observations challenge the way dying cells themselves are viewed, as well as how healthy cells interact with and respond to dying cells. Here we focus on the homeostatic removal of apoptotic cells in tissues.
TL;DR: In this article, an improved method of serum preparation was used for making passive immunity in pigs against hemophilosis, streptococcosis and pasteurellosis simultaneously.
Abstract: FIELD: veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: serum can be used for making passive immunity in pigs against hemophilosis, streptococcosis and pasteurellosis simultaneously. Antigens: cultures of Pasteurella multocida, serovara A, strain 1231, serovara B, strain 681 and serovara D, strain T-80 at amount 645-1 000 billion cells and additionally Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, serovara-I, strain GU-19 and serovara-II, strain 5870 at amount 800-1000 billion cells, Streptococcus suis, serovara-2, strain Casly at amount 1000-1255 billion cells. To make ground-immunity inactivated concentrated pasteurellosis antigen is administrated to pigs twice subcutaneously in different body sites at dose 1-2 billion cells and also inactivated concentrated hemophilosis antigen at dose 2-3 billion cells, inactivated concentrated streptococcal antigen at dose 3-4 billion cells and repeatedly in 21 day 2-4 billion cells of pasteurellosis antigen, 4-6 billion cells of hemophilosis antigen and 6-8 billion cells of streptococcal antigen are administrated. Hyperimmunization is carried out with inactivated concentrated pasteurellosis, hemophilosis and streptococcal antigens 8-10-fold at 2-3 days interval. EFFECT: improved method of serum preparing. 1 tbl, 5 exo