TL;DR: Seeds, grains, and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols, Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols, and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable.
Abstract: The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains, and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols, and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported that the highest FA (fatty acid) is lauric acid and ranged from 46.36-48.42 %, while the principal TAG (triacylglycerol) is LaLaLa (La: Lauric) with 17.94-19.83 % of the total TAG.
Abstract: Virgin Coconut Oils (VCO) were prepared from fresh-dry (grated coconut route), chilling and thawing, enzymatic and fermentation method in this study. All of the VCO produced conformed physicochemically to the standards established by the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC) and Codex Alimentarius Commission. The highest FA (fatty acid) is lauric acid in all of the VCO and ranged from 46.36-48.42 %, while the principal TAG (triacylglycerol) is LaLaLa (La: Lauric) with 17.94-19.83 % of the total TAG. Tocopherol analysis showed the presence of beta, gamma and delta tocopherols at low levels. In all, the physicochemical, FA and TAG analyses of the VCO extracted from different methods showed some significant differences, while the tocopherol content does not differ significantly among the different types of extraction methods used.
TL;DR: In this article, the aqueous extract from Aloe vera leaves contained naturally occuring antioxidant components, including total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and α-tocopherol.
Abstract: In order to demonstrate whether the known biological effects of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. fil. could correlate with the antioxidant activity of the plant, the antioxidant activity of the aqueous leaf extract was investigated. The present study demonstrated that the aqueous extract from A. vera leaves contained naturally occuring antioxidant components, including total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. The extract exhibited inhibitory capacity against Fe 3+ /ascorbic acid induced phosphatidylcholine liposome oxidation, scavenged stable DPPH • , ABTS •+ and superoxide anion radicals, and acted as reductant. In contrast, the leaf inner gel did not show any antioxidant activity. It was concluded that the known beneficial effects of Aloe vera could be attributed to its antioxidant activity and could be related to the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant vitamins.
TL;DR: Variability by crop year was due to the rainfall levels, and oils from the drier crop year (1998/99) showed the highest tocopherol content, however, this effect was cultivar-dependent, with ‘Hojiblanca’ cultivar the most affected.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of and composition for preventing erythema of the skin caused by the absorption of burning ultraviolet radiation resulting from exposure to natural or artificial sources thereof while concomitantly allowing tanning of skin is provided, consisting of the application of a sunscreen composition demonstrating selective ultraviolet radiation absorption in the 295-315 nanometer wavelength range prior to exposure to said radiation source.
Abstract: A method of and composition for preventing erythema of the skin caused by the absorption of burning ultraviolet radiation resulting from exposure to natural or artificial sources thereof while concomitantly allowing tanning of the skin is provided, consisting of the application of a sunscreen composition demonstrating selective ultraviolet radiation absorption in the 295-315 nanometer wavelength range prior to exposure of the skin to said radiation source, said composition comprising a sunscreen-effective amount of an ultraviolet-absorbing tocopherol compound selected from the group consisting of alpha tocopherol, beta tocopherol, gamma tocopherol, delta tocopherol, epsilon tocopherol, zeta tocopherol, eta tocopherol and mixtures thereof, and an inert carrier vehicle, said vehicle being non-toxic and non-irritating to the skin.