Belida

Abstract: The knowledge of fish reproduction is the most important in freshwater management continously. The research was done from February-July 2013, was aiming to describe information on reproductive aspects of belida fishes (Notopterus notopterus),i.e. sex ratio, gonado somatic stages, gonado somatic index, first size of maturity, fecundity, and spawning type. The fish Samples was taken by gill net which had many sizes such as 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 cm. Each gill net has length 30 m and width 2 m. Belida fishes have caught during research amounted 497 ind, which consisted of: 237 male and 260 female. Sex ratio male and female fish were relatively balance. The maturity gonad of male fish is faster than female fish. Featherback do spawn every month for each observation during the research. The spawning type of Featherback is partial pattern (step by step). The first size of maturity gonad from male fish was in length 135 mm and female fish was in length 162 mm. Fecundity of Featherback was in range 1.051-6.057 eggs. Fecundity is not influenced by length or weight body. For the sake to keep Featherback population needed a regulation, such as: the mesh size regulation of gillnet have to 30 mm or equal with 1.5 inci.

Abstract: Belida (Chitala sp.) bone is one of the waste from amplang processing which not treated properly yet until now especially in East Kalimantan. One type of the usage of this waste is processed to fish bone powder as calcium source. The aim of this study was to determine the best treatment (boiling frequency) to produce belida fish bone powder which the best characteristics based on highest calcium content. The processing applied alkali method (used NaOH) to produce belida fish bone powder. The treatment of this study was boiling frequency, i.e. P1 (once boiling), P2 (twice boiling), P3 (three times boiling), and P4 (four times boiling) with 30 minutes on each boiling. Observed parameters in this study were moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, calcium content, phosphor content, pH and whiteness. The results showed that four times boiling gave the best result with the highest calcium content 31.31%. The range of calcium content was 28.25%-31.31%. While the range of phosphor content was 3.95%-4.06%.

Abstract: Belida (Chitala sp.) bone is one of the waste from amplang processing which not treated properly yet until now. The aim of this study were to determine the best condition of presto processing time and boiling frequency by protein hydrolysis method based on based on highest calcium obtained and to characterize properties of fish bone powder obtained. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment and three replications. Observed variable in this study were yield moisture content, protein content, fat content, ash content, and calcium content. The condition of treatment were P2R1 (2 hour presto and once boiling), P2R2 (2 hour presto and twice boiling), P3R1 (3 hour presto and once boiling), and P3R2 (3 hour presto and twice boiling). The results showed the treatment of P3R2 was the best treatment to obtain highest calcium content of fish bone powder. The properties of belida bone powder that P3R2 obtained were 27.77 % of yield, 3.12 % of moisture content, 0.26 % of protein content,0.91 % of fat content, 88.13% of ash content, and 30.93 % of calcium content.

Abstract: Belida (Chitala sp.) bone is one of the waste from amplang processing which not treated properly yet until now especially in East Kalimantan. One type of the usage of this waste is processed to fish bone powder as calcium source which can be added to various food formulations such as keropok. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical characteristics of belida fishbone powder added keropok Observed parameters in this study were moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, calcium content, phosphor content and whiteness. The method applied the experimental design was Completely Randomized Design with five treatments of 0% (K0), 5% (K1), 10% (K2), 15% (K3) dand 20% (K4) fishbone powder addition with three replications to each treatments. The results showed that the addition of belida bone powder hadn’t significant effect to moisture of fortified keropok while had significant effect on ash, protein, fat, calcium, phosphor content and whitness. The higher addition of fishbone powder increasing the value of ash, calcium, phosphor and whiteness but decreasing protein and fat content of fortifief keropok. The result showed that K3 was the best treatment with 5.64% calcium content.