Abstract: Resilience has been regarded narrowly as a quintessential individual property by most investigators. Social resilience, however, is inherently a multilevel construct, revealed by capacities of individuals, but also groups, to foster, engage in, and sustain positive social relationships and to endure and recover from stressors and social isolation. Emergent levels of organization, ranging from dyads, families, and groups to cities, civilizations, and international alliances have long been apparent in human existence, but identifying the features of individuals, relationships, and group structures and norms that promote social resilience—and determining effective interventions to build social resilience—represent some of the most important challenges facing the military as well as contemporary behavioral science. We identify nine personal resources that foster social resilience, and we describe an educational, computer-based program that builds on these resources in an effort to improve the social resilience among troops in the U.S. Army. Data from this program should provide valuable evidence regarding the challenge of building social resilience.

Abstract: Human beings persist in an extraordinary range of ecological settings, in the process exhibiting enormous behavioural diversity, both within and between populations. People vary in their social, mating and parental behaviour and have diverse and elaborate beliefs, traditions, norms and institutions. The aim of this theme issue is to ask whether, and how, evolutionary theory can help us to understand this diversity. In this introductory article, we provide a background to the debate surrounding how best to understand behavioural diversity using evolutionary models of human behaviour. In particular, we examine how diversity has been viewed by the main subdisciplines within the human evolutionary behavioural sciences, focusing in particular on the human behavioural ecology, evolutionary psychology and cultural evolution approaches. In addition to differences in focus and methodology, these subdisciplines have traditionally varied in the emphasis placed on human universals, ecological factors and socially learned behaviour, and on how they have addressed the issue of genetic variation. We reaffirm that evolutionary theory provides an essential framework for understanding behavioural diversity within and between human populations, but argue that greater integration between the subfields is critical to developing a satisfactory understanding of diversity.

Abstract: Scientific thinking may require the consideration of multiple hypotheses, which often call for complex statistical models at the level of data analysis. The aim of this introduction is to provide a brief overview on how competing hypotheses are evaluated statistically in behavioural ecological studies and to offer potentially fruitful avenues for future methodological developments. Complex models have traditionally been treated by model selection approaches using threshold-based removal of terms, i.e. stepwise selection. A recently introduced method for model selection applies an information-theoretic (IT) approach, which simultaneously evaluates hypotheses by balancing between model complexity and goodness of fit. The IT method has been increasingly propagated in the field of ecology, while a literature survey shows that its spread in behavioural ecology has been much slower, and model simplification using stepwise selection is still more widespread than IT-based model selection. Why has the use of IT methods in behavioural ecology lagged behind other disciplines? This special issue examines the suitability of the IT method for analysing data with multiple predictors, which researchers encounter in our field. The volume brings together different viewpoints to aid behavioural ecologists in understanding the method, with the hope of enhancing the statistical integration of our discipline.

Abstract: The recent availability of massive amounts of networked data generated by email, instant messaging, mobile phone communications, micro blogs, and online social networks is enabling studies of population-level human interaction on scales orders of magnitude greater than what was previ ously possible.1'2 One important goal of applying statistical inference techniques to large networked datasets is to understand how behavioral conta gions spread in human social networks. More pre cisely, understanding how people influence or are influenced by their peers can help us understand the ebb and flow of market trends, product adoption and diffusion, the spread of health behaviors such as smoking and exercise, the productivity of information workers, and whether particular indi viduals in a social network have a disproportion ate amount of influence on the system.

Abstract: ple, Chapter 3 identifies what drama is and what drama aims to achieve, highlighting the difficulties teachers may encounter. It attempts to define the relationship between the learner and the teacher, and the relationship between story, play and language development. Neelands describes the importance of story and play in the development of Key Stage 1 children’s language development, leading to the natural progression of role-play in Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3. It makes links to the National Curriculum of England and Wales (HMI 1988) and the HMI (1985) document Drama 5–16. Unfortunately, the concept of democracy and citizenship is tenuously linked in the very last sentences of the last paragraph. Another example of the theoretical grounding can be found in Chapter 6. It is supported by a number of references, although as this is a historical journey they are from 1914 to 1993. Again, it is suitable for an undergraduate student interested in drama as technical language is used and prior knowledge is required. There is an emphasis on the Euro-American theatre and the ‘growing tide of criticism of the educational drama tradition’ (79). Considering the aim of the book was to create democratic citizenship, it is surprising that this is not discussed or defined in detail. It is only really addressed in the last section, Pro-Social Pedagogy. This section contains four chapters, one of which is The Arrival that I mentioned earlier, and is the most interesting and purposeful; relating more with society and democracy. As this is a collection of Neelands’ writings over 25 years it is not unexpected that the last section is more up to date and relevant to today’s perception of democracy and citizenship. Overall, I was slightly disappointed with the collection of writings as they failed to address fully the practical or the theory side of drama, or the issue of democratic citizenship. The book attempts to address too wide a focus and does not do any one area justice. However, I would suggest that the editor of the book has given the reader an introduction to Neelands’ writing, highlighting Neelands’ extensive experience, and would lead the reader to further writings of specific interest by Neelands.

Abstract: SUE C. JACOBS, Associate Professor, Training Director, and Ledbetter Lemon Endowed Diversity Professor in Counseling Psychology at Oklahoma State University earned her PhD from the University of Southern Mississippi in 1989. Her interests include issues in ethics, education and training, difficult dialogues, the teaching of psychology, older adults, health, diversity, social justice, disaster response, mindfulness and anger. STEVEN K. HUPRICH earned his PhD in clinical psychology from the University of North Carolina–Greensboro in 1999. He is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Eastern Michigan University, having research interests in personality disorders and personality assessment. He is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Personality Disorders. CATHERINE L. GRUS is the Deputy Executive Director, Education at the American Psychological Association (APA). Dr. Grus received her PhD in clinical psychology from Nova University. At APA, Dr Grus works to advance policies and practices that promote quality education and training in psychology. EVELYN A. CAGE is a Doctoral Candidate in Counseling Psychology at Auburn University. After graduating with a BA in Psychology from Emory University in 2006, Evelyn pursued graduate training and has plans to receive her degree in 2013. Her research interests include training and development, multicultural counseling, and disordered eating in AfricanAmerican women. NANCY S. ELMAN received her PhD from the University of Pittsburgh where she also served for nearly 20 years as training coordinator for the doctoral program in Counseling Psychology. She has served as Chair of the Advisory Committee on Colleague Assistance (Board of Professional Affairs) and the Commission on Accreditation of the American Psychological Association. Her research focuses on psychologists and trainees with professional competence problems. LINDA FORREST, Professor and Associate Director for Faculty Outreach at the University of Oregon Center on Diversity and Community, received her PhD from the University of Washington in Educational Psychology. Her research interests focus on problems of professional competence, and other professional education and training issues (competency, ethics, international). REBECCA SCHWARTZ-METTE (MA Clinical Psychology) is a doctoral candidate in Clinical and Developmental psychology at the University of Missouri. Her research interests focus on the interpersonal context of adolescent internalizing symptoms and on ethical and training issues in psychology. DAVID S. SHEN-MILLER is an assistant professor of counseling psychology at Tennessee State University. He received his PhD in counseling psychology from the University of Oregon in 2008. His research interests include professional competence issues in training, the psychology of men and masculinity, ecological approaches to supervision and training, and qualitative research methods. KRISTI S. VAN SICKLE received her PsyD in Clinical Psychology from Florida Institute of Technology in 2006, and is currently an Assistant Professor in Florida Institute of Technology’s School of Psychology. Her primary research interests include professional competence, community health, and integrated primary care.; NADINE J. KASLOW, Professor, Vice Chair, and Chief Psychologist (Grady) at Emory School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the University of Houston. Her research is on suicide and mood disorders; family violence; couples and family psychology; and competency-based psychology education, training, and credentialing. AS AUTHORS OF THIS ARTICLE, we are all members of the Trainees With Competence Problems Workgroup under the auspices of the American Psychological Association’s Education Directorate. Except for first, second, third, and last author, authorship order is alphabetical. CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING THIS ARTICLE should be addressed to Sue C. Jacobs, PhD, Oklahoma State University, School of Applied Health and Educational Psychology, 425 Willard, Stillwater, OK 74078-4024. E-mail: sue.c.jacobs@okstate.edu Training and Education in Professional Psychology © 2011 American Psychological Association 2011, Vol. 5, No. 3, 175–184 1931-3918/11/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0024656

Abstract: This paper traces the historical roots of subjective measures of well-being, that is, measures designed to represent happiness, satisfaction, or other “positive” or desirable mental states. While it is often suggested that these measures are a modern invention, I argue that they have a long and rich history that conforms to Theodore M. Porter’s general account of measurement in social and behavioral science. Subjective measures emerged in marital success studies, educational psychology, and personality psychology in the 1920’s and 30’s, and were further shaped by the epidemiology of mental health, gerontology, and the social indicator movement in the 1960’s and 70’s. Consistent with Porter’s account, these measures emerged in applied rather than theoretical branches of social and behavioral science, and they did so not as a result of physics envy, but rather as a result of a moral impulse to improve society; quantification was intended to make up for perceived deficiencies in unaided human judgment; and radical disagreements about the nature of well-being did not impede efforts to measure it – indeed, in time, there was considerably more agreement about how to measure well-being than about how to define it.

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the quality gap of university services in the behavioral science faculties of the University of Tehran (Iran).Design/methodology/approach – In the current research, 300 students of five behavioral science faculties – Psychology and Educational Science, Social Science, Economics, Physical Education and Sport Science, Management, Entrepreneurship – in the University of Tehran (Iran), were chosen randomly and completed the SERVQUAL questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of two parts regarding customer's perceptions and expectations about the quality of service. SERVQUAL questionnaire measures the five aspects of service which include assurance, responsiveness, empathy, reliability and tangibles. Therefore, the quality gap of the services of behavioral science faculties was determined according to differences between the students' perceptions and expectations. In order to analyze research data, descriptive statistics, t‐Student and ANOVA analysis were co...

Abstract: The practice of pharmacy and, consequently, pharmacy curricula have undergone significant changes over the past years in response to a rapidly changing economic, political, and social environment Within this context, the pharmacist's role had expanded to include more direct interaction with the public in terms of the provision of health information and advice on the safe and rational use of medications To carry out these roles effectively, pharmacists need to be well prepared on how to deal with patients' behavior and psychology The understanding of patient sociobehavioral aspects in the medication use process is paramount to achieving optimal clinical and humanistic outcomes from therapy The concept of behavioral sciences and health psychology are embedded as the fundamental concepts in the field of social pharmacy, and thus it is imperative that this should be taught and nurtured to future pharmacy practitioners Based on the growing needs for future pharmacists to be exposed to issues in social pharmacy, many pharmacy schools around the world have adopted this subject to be part of their standard curriculum In this commentary, a discussion of the needs of social pharmacy courses in pharmacy curriculum will be addressed in the context of both developed and developing countries

Abstract: This work explores the dynamics of the emergence of the social bonds with robots. A field study with 49 sixth grade scholars (aged 11–12 years) and 4 different robots was carried out at an elementary school. A subsequent laboratory experiment with 4 of the participants was completed. For the first experience, at school children's preferences, expectancies on functionality and communication, and interaction behavior were studied. Using the data collected in the laboratory, recognition, the selection of partner, and dyadic interaction were explored. Both at school and in the lab, data from videotaped direct observation, questionnaires and interviews were gathered. The results showed that different appearance and performance of robots elicit in children distinctive perceptions and interactive behavior, and affect social processes, such as role attribution and attachment. This work presents a preliminary field study to explore the introduction of robot-based programs to improve the quality of life of hospitalized children1

Abstract: Gross National Happiness (GNH) can be regarded as the next stage in the evolution of economic indicators for sustainable development, going beyond merely measuring values that can be expressed in money. GNH is an attempt to develop an indicator that accounts for all values relevant to life on this planet, including happiness. Moreover, by taking happiness as the objective, GNH serves as an important yardstick for a framework of Buddhist economics. Breakthrough research in quantum physics, medicine, biology, behavioral science, psychology and cognitive science is making the science of the mind relevant to economics. Conversely, from within the profession of economics, attempts are being made to broaden the scope of economics into the domain of psychology, which led to the emergence of behavioral economics and neuro-economics. Buddhist psychology and philosophy, which inspired the Buddhist King of Bhutan to conceive of Gross National Happiness, can offer a lot to the required shift in economic thinking.

Abstract: Background: Physical activity (PA) during childhood often occurs in social contexts. As such, children’s ability to develop and maintain friendship groups may be important in understanding their PA. This paper investigates the associations among children’s social functioning, and physical activity and whether perceptions of social acceptance mediate any social functioning-PA association. Methods: A cross sectional survey in which 652 10-11 year olds self-reported their peer (e.g. difficulties with friends) and conduct (e.g. anger/aggression) problems, prosocial behaviours (e.g. being kind to others) and perceptions of social acceptance. Physical activity was objectively assessed by Actigraph GT1M accelerometers to estimate counts per minute, (CPM) and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate associations between social functioning and PA. Indirect effects were analysed to explore mediation by social acceptance. Results: Among boys, peer problems were negatively associated with CPM and MVPA and conduct problems were positively associated with CPM and MVPA. Prosocial behaviour was unrelated to PA in boys. Social functioning was not associated with PA among girls. Social acceptance did not mediate the social functioning-PA relationship. Conclusions: Boys’ conduct and peer problems were associated positively and negatively respectively with their PA but this relationship was not mediated by perceptions of social acceptance. Future research should study alternative mediators to understand the processes underpinning this relationship.

Abstract: As the accumulated research base of the behavioral sciences have grown, the amount of actual knowledge discovery has not kept pace as evidenced by an increasing number of disconnected theories and the related problem of construct proliferation. Therefore, integrating social and behavioral sciences across research areas or even disciplines in a meaningful way is imperative. Despite the information systems (IS) discipline’s leadership on creating nomological networks and inter-nomological networks for research integration, a quantitative approach to automatically establish nomological networks from large-scale data is missing. Based on the design science paradigm, we therefore propose a novel natural language processing based approach bringing together these two previous research endeavors. We used a dataset consisting of all the relevant behavioral studies from two tops journal in the IS and psychology fields to evaluate our approach in comparison to human decisions. Finally, the limitations and possible extensions of our approach are critically discussed.

Abstract: This special issue of Systems Research and Behavioural Science is about the systematic use of metaphor and its implications for behaviour, especially in the field of knowledge management.

Abstract: Social and behavioral scientists have developed a consensual description of the “good life” Their description of psychosocial prosperity might include additional elements, but there is widespread consensus that it comprises social support and safety, public trust and tolerance, positive evaluations of life, feelings of competence and mastery, and a predominance of positive over negative experience This description of the elements of a flourishing life should be central to societal policies Defining psychosocial prosperity, measuring it, and offering interventions to enhance it, are services that the social and behavioral sciences are uniquely qualified to provide Creating national accounts of psychological and social prosperity will ensure that societies develop in positive directions Although economic and other social indicators furnish needed information to policy makers, measures of psychosocial prosperity provide an overarching framework for the goals societies should pursue We present data from the Gallup World Poll on psychosocial prosperity around the globe, and show that it can diverge from economic prosperity A clearly articulated vision of psychological and social prosperity will give social and behavioral scientists a major role in policy discussions, provide societies with a new mandate for providing quality of life to their citizens, and give a structure into which existing economic and other indicators can be placed Societal monitoring of psychosocial well-being will focus attention on the qualities of societies beyond economic growth that need improvement

Abstract: Administrative agencies have long proceeded on the assumption that individuals respond to regulations in ways that are consistent with traditional rational actor theory, but that is beginning to change. Agencies are now relying on behavioral economics to develop regulations that account for responses that depart from common sense and common wisdom, reflecting predictable cognitive anomalies. Furthermore, political officials have now called for behavioral economics to play an explicit role in White House review of agency regulations. This is a significant development for the regulatory process, yet our understanding of how behavioral insights should alter regulatory analysis is incomplete. To account for behavioral anomalies, regulators will need to draw on behavioral and social science insights beyond behavioral economics, and they will need an analytic framework to ensure that regulatory decisions reflect a comprehensive examination of the numerous, seemingly haphazard behavioral insights. Although behavioral research has demonstrated the limits of rational action, it does not provide a framework for considering extra-rational action. Nor have legal scholars developed such a framework, despite excellent theoretical work in the area. In this Article, we take an initial step. We provide a framework to facilitate agency consideration of extra-rational action and extend that framework to include a lesson from behavioral research that academics have noted but not adequately explored: that individuals are concerned with social outcomes (e.g., social status or inclusion) as well as monetary outcomes (e.g., wealth) and that they seek to maximize utility in both rational and extra-rational ways. After sketching our framework, we offer concrete applications in the energy use context. Our framework does not resolve all issues that may arise in the behavioral era, but it provides a means to move forward.

Abstract: Effective health advocacy is a priority for efforts to increase population participation in physical activity. Local councils are an important audience for this advocacy. The aim of the current study was to describe features of advocacy for active transport via submissions to city council annual plans in New Zealand, and the impact of an information sheet to encourage the health sector to be involved in this process. Written submissions to city council's annual consultation process were requested for 16 city councils over the period of three years (2007/08, 2008/09, and 2009/10). Submissions were reviewed and categories of responses were created. An advocacy information sheet encouraging health sector participation and summarising some of the evidence-base related to physical activity, active transport and health was released just prior to the 2009/10 submission time. Over the period of the study, city councils received 47,392 submissions, 17% of which were related to active transport. Most submissions came from city residents, with a small proportion (2%) from the health sector. The largest category of submissions was in support of pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, design and maintenance of facilities and additional features to support use of these transport modes. Health arguments featured prominently in justifications for active transport initiatives, including concerns about injury risk, obesity, physical inactivity, personal safety and facilities for people with disabilities. There was evidence that the information sheet was utilised by some health sector submitters (12.5%), providing tentative support for initiatives of this nature. In conclusion, the study provides novel information about the current nature of health advocacy for active transport and informs future advocacy efforts about areas for emphasis, such as health benefits of active transport, and potential alliances with other sectors such as environmental sustainability, transport and urban planning and local communities.

Abstract: In this paper, I start by describing the role played by British Journal of Social Psychology (BJSP) in nurturing two important new paradigms in social psychology - the social identity approach and discourse psychology. I then consider the forces in contemporary academia, in general, and psychology, in particular, that militate against innovation. I conclude by suggesting some ways in which individual social psychologists and our journals, particularly BJSP, can contribute to the development of an innovative and intellectually dynamic discipline.

Abstract: In this paper, we argue that evolutionary behavioural science can be fruitfully applied to the explanation of criminal behaviour and subsequent interventions with offenders based on this understanding. First, we provide a brief overview of evolutionary theory and the three main approaches applied to the social and behavioural sciences, human behavioural ecology, evolutionary psychology, and gene-culture co-evolution theory. Second, we examine two examples of crimes that have been approached from an evolutionary standpoint, psychopathy, and rape. Third, we discuss four implications of adopting an evolutionary behavioural perspective for therapeutic and prevention work with offenders. Language: en

Abstract: Good health promotion programs which help achieve public health goals are derived from using a mix of epidemiological and social and behavioral science research information Social data informed by behavioral theories provides a lens of understanding how recommended behaviors are adopted by different individuals within the population over a period of time In addition to social and epidemiological data, evidence based and scientifically planned and monitored strategic communication interventions have to be linked to available service components of the program Communication is increasingly understood as an enabler of individual and social level change to achieve established developmental goals including health Democratization movements and the advent of the internet have changed the environment around any program communication from top-down, expert-to-consumer (vertical) communication towards non-hierarchical, dialogue-based (horizontal) communication, through which the public increasingly questions recommendations of experts and public institutions on the basis of their own, often web based, research The amount of information available has increased greatly, including scientifically valid data and evidence-based recommendations alongside poor quality data, personal opinions, and misinformation Evidence-based approaches include engagement with and listening to stakeholders, and being transparent about decision making, and honest and open about uncertainty and risks Decision and policy makers cannot assume what the public wants without undertaking social science and decision science research The Global Polio Eradication Initiative and Integrated Disease Surveillance Projects (IDSP) in India haves shown that monitoring of public concerns needs to be continuous and responsive, and hand in hand with the monitoring of technical strategies and appropriate Information Technology support for, not only data transmission but also for videoconferencing and community involvement through toll free 24 × 7 call service with universal access This article elucidates the vital role of Health Promotion, a research based communication process, in achieving developmental, particularly health goals It underscores that communication is as much a science as an art, as much process as it is about outcomes It advocates for increased linkages between epidemiological research and social science research in planning effective health promotion interventions with quality service delivery

Abstract: The central question Smith in her article “House Price Dynamicsa Behavioural Economy?” and Marsh & Gibb in their article “Uncertainty, Expectations and Behavioural Aspects of Housing Market Choices...

Abstract: This abridged version contains the first part of the detailed double-volume edition of “Building on Progress – Expanding the Research Infrastructure for the Social, Economic, and Behavioral Sciences,” edited by the German Data Forum (RatSWD). (DIPF/Orig.)

Abstract: In social network analysis, models for the representation of user's interactions do not explain which actions are performed during social interactions, and which types of media are used in the interactions. We present a novel technique for the representation of social interactions as users' behavioral contingencies in the form of if-then rules, and for the evaluation of the contingencies using data mining procedures. We present the results of applying our technique in a group of Facebook users, identifying the social interactions in which users were more involved the most.

Abstract: 1. Purpose of review— HIV is transmitted within complex biobehavioral systems.Mathematical modeling can provide insight to complex population-level outcomes of variousbehaviors measured at an individual-level. 2. Recent findings— HIV models in the social and behavioral sciences can be categorized in anumber of ways; here, we consider two classes of applications common in the field generally, andin the last year in particular: (1) those that explore significant behavioral determinants of HIVdisparities within and between populations; and (2) those that seek to evaluate the potential impactof specific social and behavioral interventions. 3. Summary— We discuss two overarching issues we see in the field: the need to furthersystematize effectiveness models of behavioral interventions, and the need for increasinginvestigation of the use of behavioral data in epidemic models. We believe that a recent initiativeby the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will qualitatively change the relationships betweenepidemic modeling and sociobehavioral prevention research in the coming years.