TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the world view of environmental psychology, focusing on Trait, Interactional, Organismic, and Transactional Perspectives (I. Altman & B. Rogoff).
Abstract: ORIGINS AND SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY World Views in Psychology: Trait, Interactional, Organismic, and Transactional Perspectives (I. Altman & B. Rogoff) Conceptual Strategies of Environmental Psychology (D. Stokols) Methodological Strategies of Environmental Psychology (G. Winkel) Environmental Psychology and Social Change (S. Saegert) PROCESSES OF PERSON-ENVIRONMENT TRANSACTION Environmental Cognition (R. Golledge) Environmental Cognition in Children (H. Heft & J. Wohlwill) Personality and the Environment (B. Little) Emotion and the Environment (J. Russell & J. Snodgrass) The Physical Environment and the Development of the Child (J. Wohlwill & H. Haft) Environment and Aging (F. Carp) Applied Behavior Analysis and Environmental Psychology (E. S. Geller) Personal Space (J. Aiello) Territoriality (B. Brown) Crowding (A. Baum & P. Paulus) Environmental Stress (G. Evans & S. Cohen) Behavior Settings Reconsidered: Temporal Stages, Resources, Internal Dynamics, Context (A. Wicker) LEVELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS: SITUATIONS, SETTINGS, AND PLACES Residential Environments Educational Environments (P. Gump) Work Environments Human Behavior, Cognition, and Affect in the Natural Environment The Community Psychology Perspective in Environmental Psychology Extreme and Unusual Environments APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY TO COMMUNITY PROBLEMS Environmental Assessment (K. Craik & N. Feimer).
TL;DR: The eclipse of behavior in personality and social psychology, in which direct observation of behavior has been increasingly supplanted by introspective self-reports, hypothetical scenarios, and questionnaire ratings, is discussed.
Abstract: Psychology calls itself the science of behavior, and the American Psychological Association's current "Decade of Behavior" was intended to increase awareness and appreciation of this aspect of the science. Yet some psychological subdisciplines have never directly studied behavior, and studies on behavior are dwindling rapidly in other subdisciplines. We discuss the eclipse of behavior in personality and social psychology, in which direct observation of behavior has been increasingly supplanted by introspective self-reports, hypothetical scenarios, and questionnaire ratings. We advocate a renewed commitment to including direct observation of behavior whenever possible and in at least a healthy minority of research projects.
TL;DR: An ecologic model of sedentary behaviors is described, highlighting the behavior settings construct and the multiple levels of determinants of prolonged sitting time, which are likely to operate in distinct ways in these different contexts.
TL;DR: A review of research and theory on transactions between people and physical environments emphasizes new contributions to theory and empirical research published in major journals of environmental psychology, 1989-1994.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract A review of research and theory on transactions between people and physical environments emphasizes new contributions to theory and empirical research published in major journals of environmental psychology, 1989–1994 Theories focused on arousal, load, stress, privacy-regulation, behavior settings, and transactional analysis; new theory increasingly incorporated situational and contextual variables Empirical research emphasized field settings over the laboratory and employed increasingly diverse methods, populations, and cultures Environmental design studies integrated scientific and applied goals through post-occupancy evaluation New findings concerned features of residences, work places, hospitals, schools, prisons, and larger community environments New studies also addressed environmental stressors (eg temperature, noise); effects of attitudes and behaviors on conservation, crime, pollution, and hazards; and issues for neighborhoods, public places, and natural environments Directions