TL;DR: An annotated checklist of the fish species of the Madagascar EEZ (southwestern Indian Ocean) comprises a total of 1,798 species in 247 families, with the majority of the species is autochthonous; 28 species have been introduced, mainly in freshwater habitats.
Abstract: An annotated checklist of the fish species of the Madagascar EEZ (southwestern Indian Ocean) comprises a total of 1,798 species in 247 families. 158 species are recorded from Madagascar for the first time. The majority of the species is autochthonous; 28 species have been introduced, mainly in freshwater habitats. The fish fauna is mostly marine (95.4% of the total number of native fish species), with the Gobiidae, Labridae, Serranidae, Pomacentridae and Apogonidae being the families with most representatives; among the 90 native freshwater fish species (adults mainly occurring in freshwater), the Cichlidae are the dominating family, but there are also two endemic families, the Bedotiidae (16 species) and Anchariidae (6 species). The fish fauna at Madagascar is typical for offshore, high islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Zoogeographically, the main element of the marine fish fauna of Madagascar consists of widespread tropical Indo-Pacific species (978 species, 58.3% of the total native marine species). A total of 13 species (3.3%) are found worldwide, either circumtropical or circumtropical including warm temperate zones. A total of 215 species (12.8%) are found worldwide, either circumtropical or circumtropical including warm temperate zones. An additional 453 species (27.0%) are Indian Ocean endemics, including 233 western Indian Ocean endemics (13.9%), 73 southwestern Indian Ocean endemics (4.4%), 16 species endemic to Madagascar and Mascarenes (1.0%), 4 species endemic to Madagascar and Comoros (0.2%), 3 species endemic to Madagascar and Madagascar Ridge (0.2%), and 37 marine species endemic to Madagascar (2.2%). Most of the autochthonous freshwater fishes are endemic to Madagascar (87 species, 96.7% of the native freshwater species).
TL;DR: Results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that Atheriniformes is polyphyletic and further corroborate recent morphological hypotheses, which have recovered Bedotiidae in a derived position within Atherinoidei.
Abstract: Rheocles vatosoan sp. nov.,un poisson arc-en-ciel endemique de Madagascar, est decrit du bassin de la riviere Lokoho dans la region de l'Andapa, au Nord-Est de Madagascar. Cette espece est actuellement connue comme etant la plus septentrionale du genre. L'espece differe de ses congeneres par la presence d'un seul (contre trois) pterygiophore interdorsal et se distingue facilement des deux autres especes du groupe septentrional, Rheocles pellegrini, connue seulement d'une localite situee a un jour de marche a pied a l'Ouest d'Andapa, et Rheocles derhami, originaire de la Riviere Ambomboa, affluent de la Sofia, par la possession du dos, de la nuque et du ventre completement recouverts d'ecailles.
TL;DR: A new species of Malagasy rainbowfish described from the Ankavanana drainage on the eastern slope of the Masoala Peninsula, northeastern Madagascar, with a unique blotchy, mottled, or barred lateral pigmentation pattern is described.
Abstract: Bedotia masoala, a new species of Malagasy rainbowfish, is described from the Ankavanana drainage on the eastern slope of the Masoala Peninsula, northeastern Madagascar. The new species is readily distinguished from congeners by a unique blotchy, mottled, or barred lateral pigmentation pattern, and further distinguished from Bedotia marojejy, the only additional Bedotia that lacks a prominent, solid, dark midlateral stripe, by a higher vertebral count, a greater number of scales in lateral series on the flanks, and by the presence of palatine and well–developed endopterygoid tooth patches. Bedotia masoala is endemic to the Ankavanana drainage, an eastward flowing basin of the Masoala Peninsula.
TL;DR: Bedotia albomarginata, a new species of Malagasy rainbowfish, is described from forested habitats in the southeastern highlands of Madagascar and is distinguished from congeners by the presence of broad white margins on the second dorsal fin and anal fin.
Abstract: Bedotia albomarginata, a new species of Malagasy rainbowfish, is described from forested habitats in the southeastern highlands of Madagascar. The new species is distinguished from congeners by the presence of broad white margins on the second dorsal fin and anal fin in males, a markedly lanceolate caudal fin in adult males, and in life, by a bright yellow to orangish-red anal fin in both sexes. Bedotia albomarginata is known only from small streams and swamps within the upper to middle reaches of the Mananara and Rienana river drainage basins.