Abstract: A system and method are presented for improving the performance of full range code scanners. A distance detection module determines the distance of the code symbol from the code symbol reader. In response to the detected distance, the sweep angle of the scanning element is changed to ensure that the code symbol is within the code symbol reader's field of view. The sweep angle is larger when the code symbol is in the near range, and smaller when the code symbol is in the far range.

Abstract: We summarize several different approaches for the realization of large capacity (>100Gb/s) fiber wireless integration system, including optical polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) combined with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) reception, advanced multi-level modulation, optical multi-carrier modulation, electrical multi-carrier modulation, antenna polarization multiplexing and multi-band multiplexing. These approaches can effectively reduce the signal baud rate as well as the required bandwidth for optical and electrical devices. We also investigate the problems, such as wireless multi-path effect due to different wireless transmission distance, existing in the large capacity fiber wireless integration system. We demonstrate these problems can be effectively solved based on advanced digital-signal-processing (DSP) algorithms including classic constant modulus algorithm (CMA). Moreover, based on the combination of these approaches as well as advanced DSP algorithms, we have successfully demonstrated a 400G fiber wireless integration system, which creates a capacity record of wireless delivery and ushers in a new era of ultra-high bit rate (>400Gb/s) optical wireless integration communications at mm-wave frequencies.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose and demonstrate experimentally a new wireless digital encryption hyperchaotic communication system based on radio frequency (RF) communication protocols for secure real-time data or image transmission. A reconfigurable hardware architecture is developed to ensure the interconnection between two field programmable gate array development platforms through XBee RF modules. To ensure the synchronization and encryption of data between the transmitter and the receiver, a feedback masking hyperchaotic synchronization technique based on a dynamic feedback modulation has been implemented to digitally synchronize the encrypter hyperchaotic systems. The obtained experimental results show the relevance of the idea of combining XBee (Zigbee or Wireless Fidelity) protocol, known for its high noise immunity, to secure hyperchaotic communications. In fact, we have recovered the information data or image correctly after real-time encrypted data or image transmission tests at a maximum distance (indoor range) of more than 30 m and with maximum digital modulation rate of 625,000 baud allowing a wireless encrypted video transmission rate of 25 images per second with a spatial resolution of 128 × 128 pixels. The obtained performance of the communication system is suitable for secure data or image transmissions in wireless sensor networks.

Abstract: Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter, abbreviated UART is a integrated circuit used for serial communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port. UARTs are now commonly included in microcontrollers. The universal designation indicates that the data format and transmission speeds are configurable and that the actual electric signaling levels and methods (such as differential signaling etc.) typically are handled by a special driver circuit external to the UART. Baud rate of 20Mbps using clock of 20MHz is used. FIFO (First-In-First Out) is used to store data temporarily during high speed transmission to get synchronization. The design is synthesized in Verilog HDL and reliability of the Verilog HDL implementation of UART is verified by simulated waveforms. We are using Cadence tool for simulation and synthesis.

Abstract: ADC-based receivers process the received data in the digital domain, eliminating the need for much of the analog front end. In addition, a feed-forward blind architecture [1,2] eliminates the feedback loop between digital and analog domains so that the ADC and digital CDR can be designed and simulated independently. Previous works [1,2] sampled the incoming data at 2 samples per UI and at 1.45 samples per UI to achieve 5Gb/s and 6.875Gb/s, respectively. To further increase the data rate to 10Gb/s, we sample at baud rate (1 sample per UI). Existing baud-rate architectures [3] rely on a phase-tracking clock to sample at the middle of the data eye. This paper presents a blind baud-rate CDR, fabricated in 65nm CMOS. At 10Gb/s, the CDR demonstrates a high-frequency jitter tolerance of 0.19UI with ±300ppm of frequency offset. Also, the CDR demonstrates successful operation with 1000ppm offset, which amounts to sub-baud-rate sampling.

Abstract: With the rapid growth of Integrated Circuits (ICs) technology, the complexity of the circuits has also increased. As a result, the complexity of the circuit demands self-testability in hardware to mitigate the product failure. Built-in-self-test (BIST) is such a technique which can meet the demand of self-testability with an effective solution over costly circuit testing system. This paper represents designing and implementation of a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) with self-testing ability. In order to attain compact, stable and reliable data transmission, the UART is designed with Verilog HDL language and synthesized on Spartan2 FPGA. Here, the Baud Rate of the UART is 4 Mbps. This UART also utilizes the RS-422 standard.

Abstract: We proposed a new method for superchannel transmission based on the newly proposed multi-channel equalization technique. This method allows us to realize tight channel spacing (equal to the baud rate) without using frequency-locked lasers and complex spectral shaping techniques at the transmitter. The inter-channel interference originated from the tight channel spacing is removed at the receiver by joint equalization of multiple adjacent channels. When the channel spacing is equal to the baud rate, our simulation results show that, with conventional oversample ratio (2 samples per symbol), realistic laser frequency offset and laser linewidth, the proposed multi-channel-equalization based method can achieve better performance than the traditional method using spectral shaping plus single channel equalization, although at the expense of a moderate increase in DSP complexity. The paper also gives a simple method to process the data after conventional chromatic dispersion compensation, which enables subsequent multi-channel equalization for long-haul transmissions.

Abstract: This paper presents a novel Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technique to gain approach in the problem of OFDM system implementation. The actual and next communication schemes tend to use OFDM systems in order to provide high baud rates, less intercarrier interference (IC), and less intersymbol interference (ISI). Some examples are IEEE-802.11, IEEE-802.15, IEEE-802.16, 3GPP, MC-CDMA, digital video broadcasting (DVB), wireless USB, and/or wireless firewire among others. Trying to provide a solution to the new devices emerging, slow standard adoption, poor spectrum use, etc. This work presents an FPGA design; validation, and implementation of an OFDM modulator for IEEE-802.16e using a high level design tool, also reports the resources requirements for the presented system. The proposed design is synthesized using high level design tools. The design flow is optimized for fast prototyping which is implemented on the latest generation of FPGA chips. Such an FPGA implementation has the added advantage to modify for changes and improved system performance, e.g. reducing propagation delay.

Abstract: Wireless data transmission via visible light has been significantly explored with the development of white-LED. In this paper, we report a wireless access system via visible light communication (VLC) technology. In our demonstration, the custom-made USB board serves as the transceiver consisting of a LED-based transmitter and a photodiode-based receiver. Two USB boards are connected to two computers respectively, constructing a communication system. One computer, or an ARM development board being linked to the network acts as a router enables computer to have access to Internet via the visible light channel. The prototype demonstrates a transmission data rate up to 460800 baud without packet loss at a distance of 30cm. A 0.3W white LED is used and a 10-6 bit error ratio (BER) is achieved. The eye diagram performance of the VLC system is presented as well as the packet loss of the visible light link.

Abstract: A device receives a modulation format and a baud rate for transmission of an optical signal, and generates optical signals based on the modulation format and the baud rate. The device generates quadrature-delay-interferometer signals based on the optical signal, the modulation format, and the baud rate, and generates a particular optical signal with a particular wavelength for the modulation format and the baud rate. The device determines whether a point of the quadrature-delay-interferometer signals is associated with the particular wavelength of the particular optical signal, and sets or adjusts the particular wavelength of the particular optical signal for the modulation format and the baud rate based on whether a point of the quadrature-delay-interferometer signals is associated with the particular wavelength of the particular optical signal.

Abstract: Blind symbol or baud rate estimation is one of the most important parts of the blind signal detection process. Most of the blind symbol rate estimation algorithms provided in the literature either estimate symbol rate from the baseband signal or require prior knowledge of transmitted signal parameters. Moreover, these algorithms had been mostly limited to theoretical studies. In this paper, a cyclic correlation based blind symbol rate estimation is considered for linearly modulated signals. The estimation is performed directly from an intermediate frequency (IF) signal and without having prior knowledge of transmitted signal parameters. The algorithm is implemented on a National Instruments (NI) hardware to measure its performance in a realistic environment. Theoretical and experimental results are provided and compared with existing methods.

Abstract: We demonstrate a baud-rate sampled 3.125GBd QPSK digital coherent transceiver employing pulse shaping and interpolation. Compared to an over-sampled receiver, a fixed penalty of 1.4dB is measured being independent of sampling phase or chromatic dispersion.

Abstract: Novel distance-adaptive optical transmission technologies have been proposed to boost transceiver datarates and to enable more flexibility in the allocation of traffic flows. The application of this new class of transceivers is being widely investigated in core networks, while their suitability in the metro area is still an open issue. On one hand, the short metro distances enable the utilization of higher spectrally efficient modulation formats, on the other hand, the lower bitrate suggests to employ lower baud rate with respect to core networks. In this letter, we perform traffic grooming and spectrum assignment using transceivers with fixed baud rate of 28 and 14 GBd and distance-adaptive modulation formats in optical metro networks. Comparisons with the wavelength-division multiplexing systems running over a fixed grid show that 1) significant savings in terms of spectrum occupation can be achieved, and that 2) such savings can be effectively achieved also using lower baud rate transceivers (e.g., 14 GBd).

Abstract: The utility model provides an air conditioning system achieving communication baud rate self-adaption. The air conditioning system comprises an outdoor unit, at least one indoor unit and baud rate self-adapting devices arranged on the indoor unit or the outdoor unit. A first baud rate self-adapting device of the indoor unit comprises a first storage unit, an information modulation unit and a first transmission unit, wherein the first storage unit, the information modulation unit and the first transmission unit are sequentially connected, and the information modulation unit is used for carrying out baud rate modulation of authentication information code values stored by the first storage unit and controlling the first storage unit to load modulating authentication information code values into HBS bus so as to be outputted. A second baud rate self-adapting device of the outdoor unit comprises an information demodulation unit and a second transmission unit connected with the information demodulation unit, wherein the information demodulation unit is used for demodulating modulated authentication information code values which are received by the second transmission unit according to different baud rates in sequence so as to confirm corresponding baud rates which can identify the authentication information code values. Accordingly, communication of indoor units in different model numbers and outdoor units in different model numbers is achieved.

Abstract: Provided is a Flight Gear general three-dimensional scene data displaying method based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The method includes that an FPGA chip is adopted, coding of Verilog hardware description language (HDL) language is conducted on the FPGA chip, and a data transmission protocol 1 is self-defined so as to enable the FPGA chip to finish receiving of serial data of specific frame format and with the baud rate of 115200 bps, analysis of data of a self-definition communication protocol 1 is finished in the FPGA, and the data is processed through corresponding algorithms. Then, the processed data is coded and packaged through another self-definition communication protocol 2 and transmitted to a Simulink project operated on a personal computer (PC) with the baud rate as 115200 bps, a series of data processing is conducted in the Simulink. Finally, corresponding gesture data is transmitted to Flight Gear software through a user datagram protocol (UDP) network transmission module to be displayed in real time in a three-dimensional (3D) mode. The Flight Gear general three-dimensional scene data displaying method has the advantage that design and simulation of an aerospace vehicle controller, simulation of an unmanned aerial vehicle controller, simulation of guided missile control, simulation of vehicle and ship controllers and 3D visual reproduction of actual aircraft test flight data and the like can be well achieved, and a use range is wide.

Abstract: We report experimental results comparing two-types-of terabit Nyquist-pulse-shaped superchannel transmissions. A 50-subcarrier low-baud-rate system with potential of significant DSP simplification has shown similar transmission performance compared with a 10-subcarrier high-baud-rate system.

Abstract: We quantify the benefit of elastic WDM networks aligning channels on one irregular grid of optical frequencies on all their transmission links to mitigate the routing constraints. The channels are modulated at constant baud rate with variable bit rate.

Abstract: A receiver may comprise: a symbol receiver configured to receive a first modulated symbol at a first resolution and thereafter a second modulated symbol at a second resolution greater than the first resolution; an output path coupled to the symbol receiver and configured to forward the first modulated symbol; a decision device coupled to the symbol receiver and configured to determine a most probable symbol represented by the first modulated symbol; a phase detector coupled to the decision device and configured to compare the first modulated symbol and the most probable symbol to generate a phase error value; and a phase modifier coupled to the decision device and configured to determine a phase correction value based on the phase error value and to adjust the phase of the second modulated symbol based on the phase correction value.

Abstract: We investigate the time-frequency packing technique on long-haul optical links in order to increase the spectral efficiency. This solution is compared to high-order formats at equal bit or baud rate, demonstrating that higher spectral efficiency can be more effectively reached.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and a device for self-adapting of Baud rate in the field of power monitoring The method comprises the following steps of selecting a communication protocol; setting a Baud rate sequence; setting numbers of the Baud rate sequence; using the Baud rate with corresponding number in the Baud rate sequence to open a serial port; sending the protocol data to monitoring equipment; receiving the protocol data which is returned from the monitoring equipment; analyzing and judging the identifiability of the data; if the received data cannot be identified, closing the serial port, and adding the number of the Baud rate sequence with 1; and if the received data are uniform with the expected data, maintaining the Baud rate as the communication Baud rate The method has the beneficial effect that the self-adapting of the Baud rate between control equipment and the monitoring equipment in the monitoring field can be realized The device for realizing the self-adapting of the Baud rate in the field of power monitoring has the advantages that the structure is simple, and the comfortability of user experience is improved

Abstract: The invention relates to a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) controller. The controller comprises an inner bus interface module, a register module, a data converting module, a state and breaking control module, a data transmitting and receiving buffer and a state limiting machine which is used for generating output of Slave Select (SS) and SPI Clock (SCLK) in accordance with SPI transmitting parameters for controlling the storage of the register and SCLK Baud rate parameters for controlling the storage of a Baud rate register in the register module. For the modified SPI controller, the SS output is controlled by SPI controller hardware automatically when the controller is a host computer, and the software is not required to simulate the SS output, when the reading of the data in the buffer is selected, the unnecessary operation that a Central Processing Unit (CPU) reads and receives the data buffer is reduced, the required software control is reduced greatly when the CPU operates the SPI controller, and the use rate of the CPU is improved.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and a device for regulating a baud rate The method comprises the following steps of: receiving data which are transmitted by a universal asynchronous serial transmitter in a preset first baud rate; checking the data which are received currently; when determining that a data receiving error exists according to a checking result, regulating a data receiving baud rate according to a preset baud rate regulation threshold, receiving the data which are transmitted by the universal asynchronous serial transmitter in a regulated baud rate, and returning a checking result of the received data; and when determining that the data receiving error does not exist according to the checking result, receiving the data in a currently receiving data baud rate which is used as the first baud rate By the method, when detecting that the data receiving error exists in a receiver, the baud rate for receiving data of the receiver can be automatically regulated to ensure that the baud rates of the receiver and the transmitter are maintained uniformly, so that normal data communication can be ensured

Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, a device is provided. The device includes a memory, a Controller Area Network (CAN) controller coupled to a CAN bus, at least one processor coupled to the memory and the CAN controller. The at least one processor is configured to set the CAN controller to a first baud rate, determine a second baud rate, and send, in response to determining the second baud rate, a baud rate change request via the CAN bus, wherein the baud rate change request includes a least an identifier of the second baud rate.

Abstract: Next generation elastic optical networks will very likely require dual polarization (DP) optical transmitter with inherent flexibility to dynamically change its baud rate and/or modulation format. We develop a prototype of compact flexible DP M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) optical transmitter and demonstrate its reconfigurability to accommodate baud rates ranging from 8 to 32 Gbaud/s using the same hardware. The prototype has another advantage in that the modulation format can also be dynamically changed from binary phase shift keying up to 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for single and DPs, all over a single optical carrier. This allows the generation of variable data rate up to 384-Gb/s over a single wavelength. Experimental results show that for the most challenging setting of DP-64 QAM/32 Gbaud, the worst case values of error vector magnitude and bit error rate are 6.7 and 3×10 −2 , respectively. For less stringent settings, i.e., lower baud rate and/or lower modulation format, forward error correction limit error free transmission is easily obtained. Further results are also reported to demonstrate transmitter flexibility and software definability, by measuring symbol streams showing instantaneous swapping between modulation schemes with a swapping time less than 10 symbols duration, i.e., 0.3 ns.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for realizing a universal serial transceiver. The baud rate of a sending end can be determined by receiving a pilot pulse sequence; the total width of the data bit of the pilot pulse sequence must be more than 16*M, the width difference of two adjacent bits (Nth bit and (Nth-1) bit, 1<=N<=M) of the pilot pulse sequence can not be more than x% (x value can be allocated) of the width of the (Nth-1) bit, if more than x%, the pilot pulse sequence needs to be received again for automatic matching connection; and the error of the accumulative bit width of a received data sequence can not be more than y% (y can be allocated) of a standard bit width. The method provided by the invention can not only enhance the anti-interference capacity of serial communications, but also have universality. In combined with a certain communication protocol controller, the universal serial transceiver can form a corresponding serial communication interface, such as a debugging interface and an asynchronous serial communication interface, achieves the effects of flexibility and high reliability and has wide application prospect.

Abstract: The invention is applicable to the technical field of communication and provides a Baud rate identification method and device for serial communication and monitoring equipment The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out width acquisition of preset times on received high-low level pulse signals respectively; (2) carrying out minimization on the acquired data, and obtaining the greatest common divisor of the minimized data; (3) obtaining a first Baud rate corresponding to the greatest common divisor according to the corresponding relationship between a preset greatest common divisor and a preset Baud rate; (4) re-executing the previous two steps, and obtaining a second Baud rate according to the corresponding relationship between the preset greatest common divisor and the preset Baud rate; and (5) when the first Baud rate is different from the second Baud rate and the number of acquisition times of the second Baud rate is less than that of the preset Baud rate, updating the first Baud rate to the second Baud rate, and returning to execute the step (4) until the first Baud rate and the obtained second Baud rate are the same Thus, the flexibility and universality of the Baud rate identification method are improved

Abstract: We propose a novel scheme of OTDM utilizing pulse position modulation, where optical null headers (ONH) are inserted between the signal pulses periodically to allow channel identification. The ONH also achieves in-band clock distribution through the generation of high contrast pilot tone on the signal power spectra, enabling baud-rate flexible clock recovery. Using the novel scheme, clock recovery with a timing jitter of less than 200 fs is achieved at different baud rates up to 344 Gbaud. We demonstrate stable clock recovery with channel identification in 344-Gb/s OTDM transmissions over dispersion managed 3-km SMF.

Abstract: The invention provides an audio communication method and a terminal utilizing the audio communication method. The invention relates to a communication method of communication equipment utilizing an audio method, in particular to the audio communication method. The audio communication method is characterized in that when the terminal communicates with an audio communication host machine through audio, the audio communication host machine utilizes dichotomy to automatically choose communication parameters and carries out handshaking with the terminal. According to the technical scheme, even the audio communication host machine conducts special treatment on a certain frequency range, another reasonable baud rate can be found through the dichotomy to complete audio communication.