Topic
Bartenders
About: Bartenders is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 235 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5709 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
Book•
1 Jan 2001TL;DR: Emergence is what happens when an interconnected system of relatively simple elements self-organizes to form more intelligent, more adaptive higher-level behavior as discussed by the authors, i.e., when agents residing on one scale start producing behavior that lies a scale above them.
Abstract: "This book is about the mystery of why the whole is sometimes smarter than the sum of its parts."Emergence is what happens when an interconnected system of relatively simple elements self-organizes to form more intelligent, more adaptive higher-level behavior. It's a bottom-up model; rather than being engineered by a general or a master planner, emergence begins at the ground level. Systems that at first glance seem vastly different -- ant colonies, human brains, cities, immune systems -- all turn out to follow the rules of emergence. In each of these systems, agents residing on one scale start producing behavior that lies a scale above them: ants create colonies, urbanites create neighborhoods.In the tradition of "Being Digital and "The Tipping Point, Steven Johnson, acclaimed as a "cultural critic with a poet's heart" ("The Village Voice), takes readers on an eye-opening intellectual journey from the discovery of emergence to its applications. He introduces us to our everyday surroundings, offering suprising examples of feedback, self-organization, and adaptive learning. How does a lively neighborhood evolve out of a disconnected association of shopkeepers, bartenders, and real estate developers? How does a media event take on a life of its own? How will new software programs create an intelligent World Wide Web?Drawing upon evolutionary theory, urban studies, neuroscience, and computer games, "Emergence is a guidebook to one of the key components of twenty-first-century culture. Until recently, Johnson explains, the disparate philosophers of emergence have worked to interpret the world. But today they are starting to change it. This book is the riveting story of thatchange and what it means for the future. If you've searched for information on the Web, played a recent video game, or accepted a collect call using voice recognition software, you've already encountered the new world of artificial emergence. Provocative, engaging, and sophisticated, "Emergence puts you on the front lines of a sweeping revolution in science and thought.
1,568 citations
TL;DR: Establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns was associated with a rapid improvement of respiratory health and complete cessation of workplace ETS exposure (compared with continued exposure) wasassociated with improved mean FVC.
Abstract: Context.—The association between environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS) exposure and respiratory symptoms has not been well
established in adults.Objective.—To study the respiratory health of bartenders
before and after legislative prohibition of smoking in all bars and
taverns by the state of California.Design.—Cohort of bartenders interviewed before and
after smoking prohibition.Setting and Participants.—Bartenders at a random sample of
bars and taverns in San Francisco.Main Outcome Measures.—Interviews assessed respiratory
symptoms, sensory irritation symptoms, ETS exposure, personal smoking,
and recent upper respiratory tract infections. Spirometric assessment
included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and
forced vital capacity (FVC) measurements.Results.—Fifty-three of 67 eligible bartenders were
interviewed. At baseline, all 53 bartenders reported workplace ETS
exposure. After the smoking ban, self-reported ETS exposure at work
declined from a median of 28 to 2 hours per week (P<.001).
Thirty-nine bartenders (74%) initially reported respiratory symptoms.
Of those symptomatic at baseline, 23 (59%) no longer had symptoms at
follow-up (P<.001). Forty-one bartenders (77%) initially
reported sensory irritation symptoms. At follow-up, 32 (78%) of these
subjects had resolution of symptoms (P<.001). After
prohibition of workplace smoking, we observed improvement in mean FVC
(0.189 L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.082-0.296 L; 4.2% change)
and, to a lesser extent, mean FEV1 (0.039 L; 95% CI,
−0.030 to 0.107 L; 1.2% change). Complete cessation of workplace ETS
exposure (compared with continued exposure) was associated with
improved mean FVC (0.287 L; 95% CI, 0.088-0.486; 6.8% change) and
mean FEV1 (0.142 L; 95% CI, 0.020-0.264 L; 4.5% change),
after controlling for personal smoking and recent upper respiratory
tract infections.Conclusion.—Establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns
was associated with a rapid improvement of respiratory
health.
406 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that the elongation of glasses negatively influences consumption volume in a single-serving context, and they concluded that the effect of glass elongation is moderated with pouring experience.
Abstract: Although the effects of shapes on area perceptions have been widely investigated, we replicate, extend, and generalize one of the few studies to relate the effects of shapes to consumption volumes (Raghubir and Krishna [1999][1]). While Raghubir and Krishna demonstrate the effect of the elongation of prepoured drinks on consumption volume, we have people pour their own drinks in a series of controlled field experiments. Two experiments in cafeterias show that both children and adults pour and consume more juice when given a short, wide glass compared to those given a tall, slender glass, but they perceive the opposite to be true. We conclude that the elongation of glasses negatively influences consumption volume in a single-serving context. A third potentially policy-relevant field experiment conducted with Philadelphia bartenders and liquor shows that the effect of elongation is moderated—but not eliminated—with pouring experience.
[1]: #ref-19
347 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the role of informal ties in coping with personal crisis, life transitions, and daily stress in non-intimate, "fringe" relationships (e.g., shopkeepers, bartenders, hairdressers etc.).
332 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated travelers' trust in intelligent autonomous technologies based on two studies involving self-driving transportation and robot bartenders and found that the cognitive trust formation process holds in situations involving intelligent robots as objects of trust.
217 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1 |
| 2021 | 11 |
| 2020 | 8 |
| 2019 | 6 |
| 2018 | 11 |
| 2017 | 5 |