TL;DR: A new species of stone loach is described from the westward-flowing Astoli tributary of the Kali River system in the northern part of the Western Ghats, India and forms a monophyletic group with B. laticauda as its sister taxon in a phylogeny based on a concatenated cytb and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene fragments.
Abstract: Balitora chipkali, a new species of stone loach, is described from the westward-flowing Astoli tributary of the Kali River system in the northern part of the Western Ghats, India. The species differs from its congeners in a combination of characters that includes: a single pair of maxillary barbels; a large eye, of diameter greater than 15% head length (HL); snout length less than 4 times eye diameter; gape of mouth less than 30% HL; upper lip with 9-12 papillae in first series and 3-8 papillae in second series; flattened body, of depth less than 15% standard length; caudal-peduncle length less than three times its depth, 66-68 lateral line scales, 11 caudal vertebrae excluding compound centrum, third infraorbital sensory canal tube straight; and a distinct color pattern with almost round 7 dorsal saddles not reaching lateral irregular crossbar markings. Balitora chipkali forms a monophyletic group with B. laticauda as its sister taxon in a phylogeny based on a concatenated cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene fragments. Raw genetic distance between B. chipkali and B. laticauda was 1.9-2.2% based on COI and 3.4-4.3% based on Cytb partial gene sequences, which was far more than the intra-species variation in widely separated populations of B. laticauda. Based on molecular and morphological analysis, we also provide new locality records for B. laticauda and delimit its distribution to eastward-flowing tributaries of the Krishna River system in the northern Western Ghats.
TL;DR: A new species of hillstream loach Balitora eddsi is described from the Karnali River drainage in south-western Nepal, distinguished from all its congeners by possessing the following combination of characters.
Abstract: A new species of hillstream loach Balitora eddsi is described from the Karnali River drainage in south-western Nepal. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by possessing the following combination of characters: six to seven unbranched pectoral-fin rays, pelvic-fin length 12-14% standard length (L(S)), dorsal surface without circular or irregular shaped dark blotches, snout pointed, median lobe between anterior rostral barbels pointed posteriorly, dorsal-fin origin posterior to pelvic-fin origin, lateral line scales 66-67, caudal peduncle length 22-23.2% L(S), caudal peduncle depth 4.1-4.2 times its length.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors generated CO1 sequences for the endemic balitorid lineages of the Western Ghats (WG) hotspot in India, particularly for endemic genera, Bhavania, Ghatsa and Travancoria, and integrated these data into a phylogeny revealed that the endemic WG genera together formed a well-supported monophyletic clade that shows, subject to their limited taxon sampling, a sister-group relationship to the Southeast Asian genus Pseudohomaloptera.
Abstract: The teleostean family Balitoridae comprises small-sized freshwater fishes adapted to swift-flowing torrential mountain streams in South and South-East Asia Little is known about their molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary biogeography, and much of the scientific literature that references them is focused on morphological taxonomy In this paper, we generate CO1 sequences for the endemic balitorid lineages of the Western Ghats (WG) Hotspot in India, particularly for the endemic genera, Bhavania, Ghatsa and Travancoria Integration of these data into a phylogeny revealed that the endemic WG genera together form a well-supported monophyletic clade that shows, subject to our limited taxon sampling, a sister-group relationship to the Southeast Asian genus Pseudohomaloptera Three WG endemic species of the genus Balitora, namely B chipkali, B jalpalli and B laticauda, though morphologically distinct, have low genetic divergence and barcode gap, suggestive of recent speciation Interestingly, a fourth WG endemic, B mysorensis, formed a clade with two species of Balitora from Eastern-Himalaya and Indo-Burma We also show that all available CO1 sequences assigned to WG endemic balitorid genera in GenBank are misidentifications, and provide diagnostic characters for the accurate identification of these taxa in the future
TL;DR: A new species of stone loach (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae), Balitora jalpalli, is described from Kunthi tributary of Bharatapuzha River located inside Silent Valley National Park in the southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India.
Abstract: TA new species of stone loach (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae), Balitora jalpalli, is described from Kunthi tributary of Bharatapuzha River located inside Silent Valley National Park in the southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India. It can be distinguished from known Indian species of Balitora by five major characters: head length, caudal peduncle depth, maximum head width and difference in number and pattern of bands on the dorsal side. The new species is distinct in having two unbranched and 8-9 branched ventral fin rays, nine unbranched and 10-11 branched pectoral fin rays and 66 lateral line scales, a caudal peduncle length to depth ratio of 2.3-2.7, anal fin to anus distance 3.3-4.7 % SL, least depth of caudal peduncle 6.3-6.7 % SL, length of caudal peduncle 15.4-17.2 % SL, length of upper caudal lobe 22.1-22.8 % SL, maximum head width 67.9-74.1 % HL, eye diameter 12.1-14.2 % HL, and gape 31.3-31.5 % HL.
TL;DR: A new species of the hillstream loach genus Balitora Gray, Balitorsa ludongensis, from Qilong River which drains to Zuojiang River (a headwater of the Pearl River) drainage, Jingxi County, Guangxi, China.
Abstract: A new species of the hillstream loach genus Balitora Gray, Balitora ludongensis, from Qilong River which drains to Zuojiang River (a headwater of the Pearl River) drainage, Jingxi County, Guangxi, China. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: pectoral fin with vi–vii, 11–12 rays; pelvic fin with ii, 6–7 rays; pre-oral groove relatively shallow, upper lip without or with 3–5 fold-like papillae in a row on its middle surface and gradually smooth to the corner of mouth; two maxillary barbels at each corner of mouth, the outer one slightly longer than the inner one, 149.0–190.9% of eye diameter; eyes small, eye diameter 14.2–18.1% of head length; Dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to pelvic-fin origin; Caudal-peduncle depth 39.1–55.0% of its length; upper lobe of caudal fin longer than the lower one; lateral-line scales 69–74; with 6–9 black blotches on the dorsal side of body.