Abstract: Correlation of the data for heat transfer between a fluid in turbulent flow and the entrance region of a tube is made for the entrance shapes normally used in heat exchangers. Equations representing the variation of the “average heat transfer” with tube length, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number are suggested.

Abstract: A drum-type drier and/or mixer in which particulate material such as aggregate or recycled asphalt is introduced into the forward end of the drum. A burner at the rear end of the drum directs its flame forwardly through an elongated firing tube which extends from the rear end of the drum toward the forward end thereof. The hot gases discharged from the tube strike a baffle, are deflected into an annular chamber between the tube and the drum and then flow rearwardly through the chamber to an exhaust stack. The particulate material also is advanced rearwardly through the chamber and, during such advance, is heated (1) indirectly by the hot gases flowing forwardly through the firing tube and (2) directly by the hot gases deflected into and flowing rearwardly through the chamber.

Abstract: A comprehensive, multidimensional, thermal-hydraulic model is developed for the analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchanges for liquid metal services. For the shellside fluid, the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy for continuum fluids are modified using the concept of porosity, surface premeability and distributed resistance to account for the blockage effects due to the presence of heat transfer tubes, flow baffles/shrouds, the support plates, etc. On the tubeside, heat transfer tubes are connected in parallel between the inlet and outlet plenums, and tubeside flow distribution is calculated based on the plenum-to-plenum pressure difference being equal for all tubes. It is assumed that the fluid remains single-phased on the shell side and may undergo phase-change in the tube side, thereby simulating the conditions of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reaction (LMFBR) intermediate heat exchanges (IHX) and steam generators (SG). The analytical model predictions are compared with three sets of test data (one for IHX and two for SG) and favorable results are obtained, thus providing a limited validation of the model.

Abstract: A high intensity conditioning mill for conditioning aqueous pulp containing particles of clay and mineral impurities preparatory to subjecting the pulp to froth flotation comprising a conditioning vessel for containing the body of aqueous pulp, a plurality of generally horizontal baffles mounted within said vessel and dividing the interior thereof into a plurality of chambers, each baffle being formed with a central, circular hole, inlet means for feeding aqueous pulp to the lowermost chamber, outlet means for removing conditioned aqueous pulp from the space above the uppermost baffle, a rotatable, generally vertical drive shaft centrally positioned to rotate in said vessel and extending generally concentrically through each hole in each baffle and a plurality of impellers mounted on said shaft and generally positioned within a hole of the horizontal baffle, the impellers being of a size relative to said holes sufficient to provide passageways for the aqueous pulp from each chamber to each adjacent chamber whereby the aqueous pulp is caused to flow from the lowermost chamber to the space above the uppermost baffle while being subjected to the action of the impellers.

Abstract: A temperature controlled oven apparatus having a central chamber with a heater element and a pivotal inner baffle door, located within a removable outer access door, periodically opened or closed to regulate the exhaust of oven air and the admission of ambient air into the oven through a preheated plenum chamber

Abstract: An improved pre-evacuated blood sampling collection tube having two oppositely positioned rubber stoppers sealing the corresponding oppositely positioned open ends of the said cylindrical tube, and interposed within the said tube is a slideable perpendicularly placed filtration disc that filters and separates the cellular elements of the whole blood from its fluid counterpart during the process of centrifugation One embodiment of the tube having a special structural extension baffle at one of the two sealing rubber stoppers, said structural extension found proximal to the puncturable entrant area of the blood specimen into the tube, acts as the structural baffle that prevents or curtails hymolysis of the red blood cells during the sudden onrush of blood from the blood source through the bore of the collection needle, and into the vacuum of the said collection tube Another alternative embodiment comprising of a cylindrical tube with only one open end sealed by a corresponding rubber stopper having a structural extension baffle system, and without an internally located filtration disc

Abstract: A pneumotachograph including a housing having first and second ports which, during the course of respiration, alternate as input and output ports and which provide a path for generally linear flow of the respiratory gases. A pair of pitot tubes are disposed along the top of the path and are positioned generally at right angles thereto. A pair of baffles or flow deflectors are disposed in the path in alignment with the axes of the pitot tubes. Each of the baffles is positioned at an angle of approximately 45° to the axis of its associated pitot tube and to the path of flow. The baffles may be held in the flow path by a rigid connection or alternatively, they may be retained there by a resilient connection such that the pitot tube measurement is linearized. In another embodiment, the baffles may actually be merged into a single baffle thus leaving an annular opening between itself and the housing with the opening of the gap being approximately the same distance as the distance between the pair of tubes.

Abstract: This paper shows how tanks fail to stratify and describes a new solar collection strategy that allows stratification to be maintained. A theory that models thermally stratified tanks reasonably well is briefly summarized. Tests of tanks fitted with various internal baffle and diffuser configurations are described. Conclusions are: (1) the new collection strategy is essential for maintaining stratification; and (2) most tanks can remain stratified in diurnal cycling. Dip tubes and vertical baffles degrade stratification. Tank walls should have low heat capacity compared to that of water. Tanks with a height-to-diameter ratio of about four provide the best stratification without excessive thermal losses. Simple inlet and outlet diffusers provide the best thermal stratification.

Abstract: A catalytic heat exchanger useful for carrying out a catalytic reaction wherein a gaseous or vaporized mixture is flowed into contact with a catalytic material reactive with such mixture The heat exchanger includes a reaction zone divided by a plurality of baffle plates into regions of progressive increasing or decreasing volume The baffle plates form a tortuous flow path for the gaseous or vaporized mixture that provides intermittent contact with a bundle of heat exchange tubes and the catalytic material The intermittent contact in turn provides a uniform reaction temperature which promotes reaction specificity

Abstract: A slosh baffle for selective and retroactive installation in the oil pan of an in-line internal combustion engine for automotive vehicles, the slosh baffle being attachable to the rim of the oil suction strainer by snap-action assembly, its transverse orientation being determined by means of a saddle portion on the slosh baffle which engages an elbow of the oil suction line. Attachment to the strainer rim is obtained by means of several downwardly depending flexible snap hooks on the periphery of a supporting flange of the slosh baffle, in cooperation with separate centering lugs.

Abstract: A scrubbing machine is provided in which cleaning solution, usually mostly water, is cleaned and recirculated. The machine includes a frame supported on wheels with at least one scrubbing brush supported by the frame. A squeegee and vacuum hose are located behind the scrubbing brush for removing water from the surface which was supplied to the surface near the scrubbing brush. A recovery tank and a supply tank are supported on the frame with the vacuum hose communicating with the recovery tank. An exhaust blower also communicates with the recovery tank and draws air and water through the exhaust hose and into the recovery tank, exhausting air therefrom. The recovery tank has baffles which form a tortuous path to separate the air and dirty water as they travel through the recovery tank in the path from one end to the other. The recovery tank is separated into two chambers with most water and dirt received in the first chamber in which the dirt settles to the bottom, and cleaner water flows over an upper edge of a separating wall into the second chamber. The water in the second chamber can then be pumped to a dirt separator located in the first chamber and from there back to the supply tank from which water and a detergent, if used, are supplied to the vicinity of the scrubbing brush.

Abstract: A device for thermal shock testing and thermal cycling of workpieces is provided which comprises at least one fluidized bed chamber for thermally treating a workpiece. Agitation of the area about the workpiece is accomplished by movement of the workpiece, by baffles, or by providing a supplementary gas distributor. The agitation provided increases the flow rate of particles of the fluidized bed particulate media in a localized area about the workpiece, thus increasing the rate of heat transfer between the bed media and the workpiece, and increasing thermal shock capacity of the thermal shock tester.

Abstract: A motionless fluid mixing device having a tubular conduit in which right-hand and left-hand primary helical baffles are alternatingly arranged in spaced, serial relation with smaller helical connecting baffles extending centrally in the conduit between the primary baffles. The conduit has an entrance and exit end, each connecting baffle being helically curved oppositely to the primary baffle on the entrance end side of the connecting baffle for preventing center channeling of fluids flowing through the conduit by obstructingly deflecting and turbulently diffusing outwardly the portion of fluids flowing centrally in the conduit.

Abstract: An infrared suppressor system for a gas turbine engine is provided for suppressing infrared radiation associated with the hot metal parts of the engine and with the hot exhaust gases exhausted from the engine. The system features a unique arrangement of multiple baffles that are connected together as a single baffle module. The baffle arrangement permits mixing of hot and cool gas flows while eliminating line-of-sight infrared radiation in an axially compact suppressor. The baffles are additionally linked together into a single insertable baffle module that permits removal of the baffle module when infrared suppression is unnecessary.

Abstract: A generalized model study was conducted on low drop, grade control structures. A low drop was defined from this study as an hydraulic drop with a difference in elevation between the upstream and downstream channel beds, H; a discharge, Q; and a corresponding critical depth, Y c , such that the relative drop height, H/Y c , is equal to or less than 1.0. Conversely a high drop is defined as one with a relative drop height, H/Y c , greater than 1.0. Tentative design criteria, in the form of dimensionless equations, are given to proportion and hydraulically design the stilling basin for low drops with energy dissipation devices. A method is given to determine the size and placement of a baffle pier or baffle plate to achieve optimum flow conditions in the downstream channel.

Abstract: A stacked phased array type of transducer has a single electroacoustic transducer element supported intermediately of an elongated tube having a plurality of ports and an end wall at each end thereof for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves broadside the longitudinal axis of the array tube. The element has a first vibratile surface in direct acoustical communication with the external transmission medium and a second vibratile surface in direct acoustical communication with the tube internal transmission medium. The tube is provided with at least one annular port spaced longitudinally from each end of the element for providing acoustic coupling between the internal and external transmission mediums with the tube interior providing acoustic transmission paths internally of the tube communicating between the second vibratile surface and the external transmission medium at each one of the ports. The physical spacing of the ports, the aperture area of the ports, the effective acoustical wave path length internally of the tube, and the acoustical impedance of the end walls of the tube are configured to provide predetermined phase shift and acoustic transmission characteristics of the transmission paths between the second vibratile surface of the transducer element and the external transmission medium immediately adjacent each port to provide a maximum acoustic wave pattern broadside or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube. Baffles are provided to phase shift control the acoustical wave internally of the tube. In an embodiment transducer elements and ports are alternately positioned along the tube length.

Abstract: A method an apparatus for combustion with a minimum of NOx emission in various industrial furnaces and boilers. By injecting air for combustion into a furnace through the burner tile or air baffle in the deviated flow pattern asymmetrical with respect to the burner tile or baffle axis, the quick mixing of the air and fuel in early stages of combustion is suppressed to provide for a relatively gentle combustion and allow the burnt gas self-circulation to take place effectively, thereby minimizing the emission of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: The ballast temperature in the base up position of a miniature arc discharge lamp is reduced, increasing its lifetime, by placing a thin transparent thermal convection/radiation baffle between the arc tube and lamp filament, which are the heat source, and the interface of the envelope with the ballast housing. Greater temperature reduction is realized by putting insulation inside the housing cover and reducing the diameter of wires supporting the arc tube and filament, the latter a ballast resistor.

Abstract: The twin-nozzle extrusion head in accordance with the invention includes basically three axially spaced but radially overlapping annular housing members, together establishing two nozzle gaps and a first and a middle one of the two members are provided with annular feeder ducts for these nozzles. Each of these ducts has on its exit side a baffle ring wherein one baffle ring is effective on its radially inner surface while the second baffle ring is effective on a radially outer surface of larger diameter. These surfaces are nonround in a particular determined manner to establish nonuniform gap width related directly to the location of feed ducts for the annular channels, generally, the gaps are wider in locations away from a proximity of such feed ducts. The nozzle gaps are both frustoconical of different steepness and terminate in a common plane. The nozzles are particularly provided for disposing an adhesive on top of a steel pipe and a polyethylene coating and envelope on top of the adhesive.

Abstract: A solar power system for cogenerating heat and electricity is disclosed. An improved solar collector includes a transparent reflector envelope through which a reflective liquid metal such as mercury is circulated. The liquid metal is preheated as it focuses solar radiation onto the receiver of the collector module. A baffle tube within the receiver is perforated to permit the circulation of working fluid out of the absorption chamber of the receiver into the narrow annulus between the baffle tube and the receiver wall, thereby promoting the rapid generation of vapor. The liquid metal vapor is discharged through the channel of a magnetohydrodynamic generator for producing electrical power in a first power generating stage. The liquid metal vapor is condensed and accumulated in a primary storage reservoir for driving a turbine generator in a second generating stage, thereby providing electrical power during periods of insufficient solar radiation. Liquid metal discharged from the turbine is accumulated in a secondary storage reservoir for supplying the solar collector module during periods of adquate solar radiation.

Abstract: A process and a device for the centrifugal control and mixing of a limited volumes of fluid, especially in the rotor of a centrifugal analyzer, has at least one baffle chamber, in a flow canal for the fluid the volume of which is greater than the volume of fluid. It is so shaped that, when the device is rotated at a sufficiently high first speed of rotation, the fluid remains in it. An outlet canal is connected to the baffle chamber the fluid. At least a part thereof lies closer to the axis of rotation than the fluid surface during the rotation with the first speed of rotation. The walls of the outlet canal consist of a material which is wettable by the fluid and, in combination therewith, have cross-section which forces the fluid out of the baffle chamber; by boundary surface force when the device is rotated at a second, slower speed.

Abstract: A shell and tube heat exchanger includes a central pipe situated in the shell and provided with a number of individually adjustable baffles. An entire bundle of tubes is built around the central pipe. The baffles are movable with respect to the central pipe by means of a pull-push rod positioned in the central pipe.

Abstract: A hollow, enclosed, seamless polymeric article. The article has an outer wall having an outside surface and an inside surface. There is at least one baffle within the article. There is a means to sealingly connect the baffle to the outer wall inside the article. The means to sealingly connect the baffle can sealingly connect the baffle to the inside surface of the outer wall or through the inner surface into the outer wall.

Abstract: A reservoir vessel intended for storage of a small volume of reserve fluid in an automobile for a remotely located power steering or like system connected with the reservoir by flexible hoses and including a baffle structure for redirecting the incoming high velocity flow from the system to mix within the reservoir without undue turbulence and air entrainment. This invention relates to vehicle fluid power systems and more particularly to an improved reservoir therefor. The modern trend in vehicle design, front wheel drive and otherwise, creates even further premium on space in engine compartments, and a corresponding emphasis in redesigning engine-related accessories. In power steering and like fluid power systems, it is now often desirable to separate the fluid reservoir from what formerly had been unitary association with a submerged engine-driven pump, and rather to situate it remote from the engine and connect it to the steering gear and pump by flexible hoses. However, it is also desirable to shape the reservoir suitably to available space, and further ensure against the undue turbulence and entrainment of air in the fluid within the reservoir that can easily arise from the high entering flow velocities associated with the popular use of small diameter flex hoses. Such air entrainment affects the fluid viscosity and thus the efficiency of the fluid system. The present invention provides a reservoir that is small in volume and space efficient, yet avoids undue amounts of such turbulence. Fluid entering the reservoir at high velocity through the hose from the fluid power system is redirected smoothly and efficiently in ways to avoid turbulence. Any air-entrained fluid is permitted to rise to regions remote from the reservoir outlet which feeds the fluid system. The invention features a box-like vessel, which may be of even quite flat rectangular cross section for engine compartment space advantage. An inlet is provided in one wall at an angle to direct the incoming high velocity fluid from the hose against the opposite wall and then through a series of baffles. The baffles include webs overlapping each other to partition the inlet region from the region of a fluid outlet spaced from the inlet near the bottom of the vessel or otherwise. Intermediate these regions flow is routed via the baffle webs and via a series of overlapping and angled flanges of such baffles which define flow redirection channels. High velocity incoming fluid flow is caused to circulate to regions of the fluid body remote from the outlet region and mix therein at lower velocities prior to exiting the fluid outlet. Undue turbulence is avoided and oil frothing or air entrainment minimized. As a further feature, the baffling further can be constructed such that in more aggravated cases of high inlet velocity, or due to vessel shape, etc., whatever air entrainment that might occur can dissipate to upper margins of the body of fluid away from the mixing regions and the fluid outlet.

Abstract: Arrays of baffles are disposed in apparatus for distributing a composite liquid to the separation passages of a multi-plate laminar separation apparatus to decelerate the influent composite liquid and repeatedly deflect its direction of flow such that it is uniformly distributed to the separation passages in the apparatus.

Abstract: A field study on the effectiveness of perforated baffles in an existing cross-baffled serpentine flow chlorine contact chamber is reported. The object of the method studied was to increase the hydraulic efficiency and lower the required chlorine dose. A cross-baffled serpentine flow chamber was chosen because it is a common design. Tracer curves and disinfection efficiency were monitored on a modified and unmodified chlorine contact chamber simultaneously operating under equal conditions. Data generated from these field tests and batch reactor experiments were used to determine the efficiency increase achieved from these baffles, and to project the expected benefit of these modifications as an interim solution at municipal treatment plants.