Topic
Azorina
About: Azorina is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9 publications have been published within this topic receiving 119 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: DNA sequences of the chloroplast genes atpB, matK, and rbcL are used to infer the phylogeny of 102 taxa in 41 genera plus four outgroup taxa of the Campanulaceae, providing strong evidence for two major clades in the family and evidence that the large, inclusive genera Wahlenbergia and Campanula are polyphyletic.
Abstract: Campanulaceae are a large, nearly cosmopolitan angiosperm family that are well-accepted as monophyletic but whose intrafamilial and intrageneric relationships are controversial. We used DNA sequences of the chloroplast genes atpB, matK, and rbcL to infer the phylogeny of 102 taxa in 41 genera plus four outgroup taxa. Our sampling represents a wide taxonomic and geographic diversity from within the family. Results from maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses provide strong evidence for two major clades in the family, with the platycodonoids sister to the remaining members of the family, the wahlenbergioids and campanuloids. There are two clear divisions within the campanuloids that correspond well with the historical Campanula s.str. and Rapunculus groups ofBoissier and Fedorov. The phylogenetic positions of the Northern European species Wahlenbergia hederacea and the genus Jasione remain unresolved. Our results also provide evidence that the large, inclusive genera Wahlenbergia and Campanula are polyphyletic, and the smaller, segregate genera Symphyandra, Prismatocarpus, and Legousia are not monophyletic. Insights are provided into the different biogeographic origins of several oceanic island endemics. Heterochaenia, Nesocodon, and Berenice occur in a single clade, which suggests a single colonization of the Indian Ocean Mascarene Islands. Conversely, Wahlerrbergia linifolia and W. angustifolia of St. Helena Island in the mid-Atlantic are not sister taxa. The Macaronesian taxa, Canarina canariensis, and Musschia aurea, which display convergent bird-pollination adaptations and with Azorina vidalii of the Azores, woody growth form, fall into separate major lineages. The North American Campanulaceae also do not form a monophyletic group, providing evidence that these taxa are the descendents of multiple introductions onto the North American continent.
70 citations
TL;DR: If these pollination systems have an island or mainland origin and when they may have evolved, and finally, the pollinator-interaction history of each species is reconstructed.
Abstract: We studied the pollination biology of nine island Campanulaceae species: Azorina vidalii , Musschia aurea , M. wollastonii , Canarina canariensis , Campanula jacobaea , Nesocodon mauritianus , and three species of Heterochaenia . In addition, we compared C. canariensis to its two African mainland relatives C. eminii and C. abyssinica . We asked to what extent related species converge in their floral biology and pollination in related habitats, i.e. oceanic islands. Study islands were the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Mauritius, and Reunion. Information about phylogenetic relationships of these species and their relatives were gathered from atpB , matK , rbcL and trn L-F regions, building the most complete phylogeny of Campanulaceae to date. Six of the island bellflower species were bird-pollinated and two ( A. vidalii and M. aurea ) were lizard-pollinated. Insects also visited some of the species, and at least C. jacobaea had both insect- and self-pollination. Several morphological traits were interpreted as adaptations to bird and lizard pollination, e.g. all had a robust flower morphology and, in addition, bird-pollinated species were scentless, whereas lizard-pollinated species had a weak scent. These examples of vertebrate pollination evolved independently on each island or archipelago. We discuss if these pollination systems have an island or mainland origin and when they may have evolved, and finally, we attempt to reconstruct the pollinator-interaction history of each species.
57 citations
1 Jun 2008
TL;DR: In Corvo Island the most interesting endemic population is the one of Azorina vidalii at Vila do Corvo, which must be strongly protected; during the expedition the most important finding was the discovery of Platanthera azorica for the first time on Corvo island.
Abstract: A short characterization of Corvo Island the vascular flora is made from the analysis of it’s checklist of vascular plants (Pereira et al., 2008). The flora of Corvo Island out of cultivation is at the moment represented by 353 different taxa, belonging to 351 species more 2 hybrids, distributed by 235 genera and 94 families. The number of introduced species represents 62.6 % of the total species while the native species correspond to 34 %. Nevertheless about 40 % of the native taxa are endemic to Azores or Macaronesia. The species distribution on the main taxonomic groups (Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledoneae e Monocotyledoneae) is significantly different between native and introduced species. The contribution of introduced species is superior in the Dicotyledoneae and inferior in the Pteridophyta when compared with the native species. In Corvo Island the most interesting endemic population is the one of Azorina vidalii at Vila do Corvo, which must be strongly protected; during the expedition the most important finding was the discovery of Platanthera azorica for the first time on Corvo Island. Finally, cloud water interception and wind shelter must be improved trough native trees and shrubs plantation,
3 citations
1 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Azorina (Campanulaceae) is an endemic genus of the Azorian archipelago that was frequently used for ornamental reasons and therefore planted in gardens and today, the origin of many populations is unknown but at least those at Pico, S. Jorge, Flores and Corvo seem to be natural.
Abstract: Azorina (Campanulaceae) is an endemic genus of the Azorian archipelago. The only species, Azorina vidalii (Watson) Feer (syn. Campanula vidalii Watson) is reported from coastal rocks at Corvo, Flores, Pico, Sao Jorge, Terceira, Sao Miguel and Santa Maria (FRANCO 1984, ORMONDE & PAIVA 1973, PALHINHA 1966, PINTO DA SILVA & PINTO DA SILVA 1974, SJOGREN 1984). There is also an early but doubtful record for Faial (SAMPAIO 1904). Azorina vidalii is a very attractive plant that was frequently used for ornamental reasons and therefore planted in gardens. Today, the origin of many populations is unknown but at least those at Pico, S. Jorge, Flores and Corvo seem to be natural (SJOGREN 1984). At Faial, no natural population has been known. Two small coastal populations at Monte da Guia and Porto do Castelo Branco are probably of recent introductions (Eduardo Dias pers. comm.). A third population on the coast south of Ribeira da Cabo (LUPNITZ 1975) could not be detected despite several days of searching. However, it may still exist and its origin is unknown. During fieldwork for a project dealing with the distribution of introduced plants on Faial, a new Azorina population was discovered in June 1999 in a volcanic crater, quite a distance from the sea.
1 citations
Journal Article•
1 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
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| 2018 | 1 |
| 2015 | 1 |
| 2012 | 1 |
| 2011 | 1 |
| 2010 | 1 |
| 2009 | 1 |