Abstract: Vented attic is a design technique that provides a better solution to reduce solar heat gains trapped in a roof attic. However, its application in the tropical climate is very rare if not, ignored, especially in Malaysian houses. This paper seeks to identify, and compare the performance of attic ventilation by a single hybrid turbine ventilator for a specific volume under both unvented and vented conditions. The study was done in an actual roof attic (10 m3) located in Universiti Sains Malaysia. The results indicate that the reduction of the attic air temperature was 6.4°C, while stabilising the level of relative humidity to about 40–50% which is higher than that for an unvented attic by 10%. Furthermore, the findings reveal that by incorporating a 50 W poly-crystalline solar panel with a turbine ventilator of O 45 cm, the peak value of the attic air velocity had exceeded 1.3 m/s when the solar radiation was observed to be around 800 W/m2.

Abstract: Thermal insulation of attic slabs is a conventional measure during the energy-efficiency improvement of residential buildings. A specific problem is warmth-insulation of attic slabs in historical buildings, which are the objects of cultural heritage, and for them the main modernization rule is the preservation of historical interiors (ceiling is a protection subject). The article exposes design of reconstruction of attic slabs while preserving the existing historical ceiling and warmth-insulation design is proposed.

Abstract: The thermal performance of the building envelope is of critical importance to the overall building performance. This paper presents an investigation of the influence of most common attic typologies used in Portuguese housing stock on heating/cooling loads of conditioned spaces under different weather conditions. Unused attics are part of the building envelope, which provide protection from the external environment acting as a buffer space. To improve this protective ability, some scenarios such as insulation, low emissivity, ventilation and the slant of the roof are considered. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of such scenarios by investigating through simulating the heat transfer between the attics and spaces underneath. The extent to which an improved attic steers towards low energy buildings is established where a dynamic Ud-values can be as low as 0.15 W/(m2K) and the yearly thermal reduction may surpass 20%.

Abstract: Author(s): Less, Brennan; Walker, Iain; Levinson, Ronnen | Abstract: In this literature review and analysis, we focus on the thermal, moisture and energy performance of sealed and insulated attics in California climates. Thermal. Sealed and insulated attics are expected to maintain attic air temperatures that are similar to those in the house within +/- 10°F. Thermal stress on the assembly, namely high shingle and sheathing temperatures, are of minimal concern. In the past, many sealed and insulated attics were constructed with insufficient insulation levels (~R-20) and with too much air leakage to outside, leading to poor thermal performance. To ensure high performance, sealed and insulated attics in new California homes should be insulated at levels at least equivalent to the flat ceiling requirements in the code, and attic envelopes and ducts should be airtight. We expect that duct systems in well-constructed sealed and insulated attics should have less than 2% HVAC system leakage to outside. Moisture. Moisture risk in sealed and insulated California attics will increase with colder climate regions and more humid outside air in marine zones. Risk is considered low in the hot-dry, highly populated regions of the state, where most new home construction occurs. Indoor humidity levels should be controlled by following code requirements for continuous whole-house ventilation and local exhaust. Pending development of further guidance, we recommend that the air impermeable insulation requirements of the International Residential Code (2012) be used, as they vary with IECC climate region and roof finish. Energy. Sealed and insulated attics provide energy benefits only if HVAC equipment is located in the attic volume, and the benefits depend strongly on the insulation and airtightness of the attic and ducts. Existing homes with leaky, uninsulated ducts in the attic should have major savings. When compared with modern, airtight duct systems in a vented attic, sealed and insulated attics in California may still provide substantial benefit. Energy performance is expected to be roughly equivalent between sealed and insulated attics and prescriptive advanced roof/attic options in Title 24 2016. System performance can also be expected to improve, such as pull down time, performance at peak load, etc. We expect benefits to be reduced for all advanced roof/attic approaches, relative to a traditional vented attic, as duct system leakage is reduced close to 0. The most recent assessments, comparing advanced roof/attic assemblies to code compliant vented attics suggest average 13% TDV energy savings, with substantial variation by climate zone (more savings in more extreme climates). Similar 6-11% reductions in seasonally adjusted HVAC duct thermal losses have been measured in a small subset of such California homes using the ducts in conditioned space approach. Given the limited nature of energy and moisture monitoring in sealed and insulated attic homes, there is crucial need for long-term data and advanced modeling of these approaches in the California new and existing home contexts.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air conditioning system capable of performing air conditioning efficiently through a radiation heat and keeping an entire indoor space in a building under a comfortable stateSOLUTION: This invention comprises an indoor space SI formed between a floor part 5 and a ceiling part 6 of a building 100, an under-floor space SU formed between the floor part 5 and a foundation part 2 and not communicated with the indoor space SI, attic space SA formed between the ceiling part 6 and a roof part 3 and not communicated with the indoor space SI, a communication passage 10 communicating between the under-floor space SU and the attic space SA and an air conditioner 20 for supplying either conditioned hot air or conditioned cool air to both the under-floor space SU and the attic space SA The indoor space SI is air conditioned with radiation heat between the floor part 5 and the ceiling part 6 and between the same and an object in the indoor space SI

Abstract: An attic-insulation cover designed to cover access doors leading into attic spaces, such as pull down stairs, scuttle holes and vertical attic doors includes an attic insulation flange or border for placement over the attic opening frame, the attic insulation flange having a first top end and a second bottom end, an attic insulation jacket having a top wall, parallel side walls, parallel end walls and a bottom panel; and a closure device at the second bottom end of the attic-insulation flange for connecting the attic insulation flange and the attic insulation jacket.

Abstract: Author(s): Rosado, Pablo Javier | Advisor(s): Fernandez-Pello, Carlos; Levinson, Ronnen M | Abstract: Summer urban heat island (UHI) refers to the phenomenon of having higher urban temperatures compared to the those in surrounding suburban and rural areas. Higher urban air temperatures lead to increased cooling demand, accelerates the formation of smog, and contributes to the generation of greenhouse gas emissions. Dark-colored impervious surfaces cover a significant fraction of an urban fabric, and as hot and dry surfaces, are a major contributor to the UHI effect. Adopting solar-reflective (“cool”) roofs and cool pavements, and increasing the urban vegetation, are strategies proven to mitigate urban heat islands. These strategies often have an “indirect” effect (ambient cooling) and “direct” effect (change in solar energy flux entering the conditioned space) on the energy use of buildings. This work investigates some elements of the UHI mitigation strategies, specifically the annual direct effect of a cool roof, and the direct and indirect effects of cool pavements.The first topic researched in this paper consists in an experimental assessment of the direct effects from replacing a conventional dark roof with a highly energy-efficient cool roof. The study measures and calculates the annual benefits of the cool roof on the cooling and heating energy uses, and the associated emission reductions. The energy savings attributed to the cool roof are validated by measuring the difference between the homes in the heat loads that entered the conditioned space through the ceiling and HVAC ducts. Fractional annual cooling energy savings (26%) were 2.6 times the 10% daily cooling energy savings measured in a previous study that used a white coating to increase the albedo of an asphalt shingle roof by the same amount (0.44). The improved cooling energy savings (26% vs. 10%) may be attributed to the cool tile’s above-sheathing ventilation, rather than to its high thermal mass. The roof also provided energy savings during the heating season, yielding fractional annual gas heating savings of 4% and electric heating savings of 3%. The slightly positive fractional annual heating energy savings likely resulted from the tile roof’s high thermal capacitance, which increased the overnight temperature of the attic air. Thus cool tile roofs should be perceived as a technology that provides energy and environmental benefits during the cooling season as well as the heating season.The second topic investigates the direct and indirect effects of cool pavements on the energy use of California’s building stock. First, a simple urban canyon model was developed to calculate the canyon albedo after the user provides the solar position, canyon orientation, and dimensions of the canyon walls, road, and setbacks. Next, a method is presented to correct the values of temperature changes obtained from previous urban climate models to values that would be obtained from canyon geometries that distinguish between road and setbacks (e.g. sidewalk, front yard).The new canyon model is used to scale the temperature changes obtained from a recent urban climate model that simulated the climatological impact of cool pavements on various California cities. The adjusted temperature changes are then combined with building energy simulations to investigate the effect of cool pavements on the cooling, heating, and lighting energy uses of buildings as well as the environmental impact related to these energy uses. Net (direct + indirect) conditioning (cooling + heating) energy savings and environmental savings from cool pavements were smaller in residential buildings than in commercial buildings. Additionally, residential buildings strongly dominate the building stock in all of the evaluated cities. Therefore, even though most cities yielded conditioning energy and environmental savings, they were small due to the minuscule savings from the residential buildings. When increasing the albedo by 0.20 of all public pavements in different California cities, Los Angeles was the city with the largest savings, yielding only 0.60% in Primary Energy Demand and 0.30% in Global Warming Potential (GWP). Some of the cities experienced even a small net penalty in GWP of up to 0.20%.

Abstract: Sectional fire protection systems and methods for the protection of an attic space are provided. A fluid control thermal detection device is located above a ceiling base within a spherical radial distance proximate a peak region of the attic space. An open fluid distribution device is disposed between the roof deck and the ceiling base and connected to the fluid control thermal detection device for receipt of firefighting fluid from the fluid control thermal detection device.

Abstract: Due to low degree of renovation of brick buildings constructed 1870-1930 and higher demands regarding the energy performance of buildings based on environmental goals, it is of interest to evaluate how to renovate this building type to the aim of this study. Some renovations have been conducted, but there has been insufficient followup of the status of these renovations. It is therefore also of importance to evaluate what type of further improvement that should be performed. In this study, literature research and study visits to buildings representative for the selected type of houses have been followed through to evaluate renovation strategies performed on the inspected buildings. The aspects used to evaluate the renovation are energy consumption, U-value, moisture risks and the aesthetics of the building, before and after the renovation. Simulations of energy and moisture performance and calculations of energy savings was done as evaluation. The study visits confirmed what could be identified in the literature, through the fact that observed building techniques correlated to the ones in the literature. Differences in some details were noted when comparing the buildings, but the details could be identified in descriptions of the specific building type supplied in the literature. Typical for the investigated brick buildings is that they have homogenous load bearing outer walls made of brick and floor slabs made of timber. Both red and yellow bricks are used. The foundation walls are commonly constructed with a combination of bricks and dry stone walls or only bricks. The roof trusses and roof construction offers space which could possibly be converted from storage and unused attic space to apartments. Efficient renovations conducted to prevent moisture risks, are to cover the outer walls to protect them from rain or to replace the timber in the details of the outer walls with non-organic material. Results show that it is also possible to improve the conditions for details where brick meets timber by filling the air cavities with polyurethane foam, but this requires further investigations. According to energy consumption and Uvalue, a conversion of the attic into apartments and insulation of at least one of the external wall could in combination provide an efficient result. Considering the aesthetics, efficient strategies can preserve the design and architectural ideas of the building.

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Abstract: This article deals with the assessment of methodologies for water vapor condensation determination and mold growth risk analysis on the surfaces of an organic building structure based on in-situ monitoring, carried out on the structural elements of renovated roof truss above the greenhouse “Května zahrada” in Kroměřiž. The garden including the building is signed on the UNESCO Word Heritage List for its historical and architectonical value. The monitoring was focused on hygrothermal behavior of a particular attic area during winter term 2014 - 2015. The risks of water vapor condensation and mold growth were then analyzed on the basis of data obtained by the monitoring process. These also include measurement and output data accuracy is included as well. The Results were used as recommendation for a control system of forced ventilation in the monitored attic area.

Abstract: A system and method to determine building thermal performance parameters through empirical testing is described. The parameters can be formulaically applied to determine fuel consumption and indoor temperatures. To generalize the approach, the term used to represent furnace rating is replaced with HVAC system rating. As total heat change is based on the building's thermal mass, heat change is relabeled as thermal mass gain (or loss). This change creates a heat balance equation that is composed of heat gain (loss) from six sources, three of which contribute to heat gain only. No modifications are required for apply the empirical tests to summer since an attic's thermal conductivity cancels out and the attic's effective window area is directly combined with the existing effective window area. Since these tests are empirically based, the tests already account for the additional heat gain associated with the elevated attic temperature and other surface temperatures.

Abstract: A device and system for transporting items up and down a folding attic stairway in a building, such as a residential structure, and into an attic space finally resting securely on the floor of the attic.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION The University of Florida (UF) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are evaluating the hygrothermal (heat and moisture flow) performance and durability of sealed attic construc...

Abstract: An insulated attic access enclosure is formed from at least one side case, preferably two, and a top case that are adapted to receive an insulating material. The side case is wrapped around the attic access opening to define a sidewall enclosure. The top case is positioned atop the sidewall enclosure and may be attached to the sidewall to define at least one hinged access panel in the top case.

Abstract: This research is a test implementation of an unvented tile roof assembly in a hot-humid climate (Orlando, FL; Zone 2A), insulated with air permeable insulation (netted and blown fiberglass). Given the localized moisture accumulation and failures seen in previous unvented roof field work, it was theorized that a 'diffusion vent' (water vapor open, but air barrier 'closed') at the highest points in the roof assembly might allow for the wintertime release of moisture, to safe levels. The 'diffusion vent' is an open slot at the ridge and hips, covered with a water-resistant but vapor open (500+ perm) air barrier membrane. As a control comparison, one portion of the roof was constructed as a typical unvented roof (self-adhered membrane at ridge). The data collected to date indicate that the diffusion vent roof shows greater moisture safety than the conventional, unvented roof design. The unvented roof had extended winter periods of 95-100% RH, and wafer (wood surrogate RH sensor) measurements indicating possible condensation; high moisture levels were concentrated at the roof ridge. In contrast, the diffusion vent roofs had drier conditions, with most peak MCs (sheathing) below 20%. In the spring, as outdoor temperatures warmed, all roofs dried well into the safemore » range (10% MC or less). Some roof-wall interfaces showed moderately high MCs; this might be due to moisture accumulation at the highest point in the lower attic, and/or shading of the roof by the adjacent second story. Monitoring will be continued at least through spring 2016 (another winter and spring).« less