Attachment therapy

Abstract: Children of mothers with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) should be considered a high-risk group given the wide array of poor psychosocial outcomes that have been found in these children. This article describes the parenting strategies that might explain the transmission of vulnerability from mothers with BPD to their offspring, from infancy through adolescence. We conclude that oscillations between extreme forms of hostile control and passive aloofness in their interactions with their children may be unique to mothers with BPD. We provide an overview of interventions that are currently recommended for mothers and family members with BPD, namely attachment therapy and psychoeducational approaches. On the basis of an integration of the empirical findings on parenting and child outcomes, as well as from the review of current approaches to intervention, we conclude with recommendations for treatment targets. We argue that mothers with BPD need psychoeducation regarding child development and recommended parenting practices and skills for providing consistent warmth and monitoring, including mindfulness-based parenting strategies.

Abstract: more coronal attachment of the periodontal tissues to the tooth, after the natural attachment has been destroyed by trauma or disease—most often by the chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, Periodontitis. This is distinguished herein from reattachment, or healing by scar,1 subsequent to surgical detachment. Following his review of the world literature on periodontal therapy,2 Ratcliff1 proposed an analysis of repair systems in periodontal therapy. He stated, "There are four basic forms of periodontal therapy used for elimination of pockets. These are: (1) shrinkage, (2) excision, (3) healing by scar, and (4) new attachment." Essentially, this meant either accepting the existing dentogingival junction, or cutting it away and growing a new one. Shrinkage was considered the elimination of the edema developed as a part of the inflammatory reaction to irritants; and with a constant position of the epithelial attachment, shrinkage after hygienic procedures would reduce the pocket depth. Excision, such as gingivectomy, and healing by scar, such as with apically repositioned flaps, produce little or no regeneration of a new attachment. For purposes of analysis of new attachment, the tooth side of the periodontal lesion (Fig. 1) was considered to have four zones. After the dissection and removal of the pocket lining (Fig. 2), the contributions of the zones to new attachment were discussed.1 Acknowledging Ratcliffs contribution1 to our understanding, this review will consider other points of view and later research findings in different zones on the tooth side and the periodontal tissue side, and their applications to new attachment therapy.