TL;DR: A parsimony analysis of 156 representative sequences of the Asteridae sensu lato and 28 outgroup sequences was conducted using a two-tiered approach, designed to discover multiple islands of equal parsimony using the heuristic search routine in PAUP.
Abstract: A parsimony analysis of 156 representative sequences of the Asteridae sensu lato and 28 outgroup sequences was conducted using a two-tiered approach. First, an analysis of the entire group, including 105 sequences, examined relationships among major lineages within the Asteridae s.l.; subsequently, several clades within the larger group were examined individually in greater detail by including more sequences for the group in question. The search strategy was designed to discover multiple islands of equal parsimony using the heuristic search routine in PAUP. In the broad search and in each more detailed search of subclades, multiple islands were found that imply substantially different relationships
TL;DR: It is implied that flowers with a single plane of symmetry (zygomorphic flowers) have evolved several times independently from radially symmetrical ancestors within the Asteridae, but a majority of the shifts from zygomorphy to actinomorphy appear to have entailed a reduction in petal number and flower size, implying a mechanism other than loss of CYCLOIDEA function.
TL;DR: Parsimony analysis was used to develop phylogenetic hypotheses for Rosidae and other nonmagnoliid dicotyledons, especially Asteridae, and the problematic Columellia was placed among Asteridae as the sister group of Caprifoliaceae.
Abstract: Parsimony analysis was used to develop phylogenetic hypotheses for Rosidae and other nonmagnoliid dicotyledons, especially Asteridae Rosidae were placed among «lower» Hamamelidae as the sister group of Platanus and Hamamelidaceae «Higher» Hamamelidae (Fagales, juglandales, and Casuarinaceae), Dilleniidae, and Asteridae nest within a paraphyletic Rosidae With some expansion, the traditional Asteridae are monophyletic For example, the problematic Columellia was placed among Asteridae as the sister group of Caprifoliaceae Asteridae were placed as the sister group of Ericales among rosids circumscribed as Corniflorae in recent classifications of Dahlgren ()
TL;DR: The results suggest that the Asteridae dates back to at least the Turonian, Late Cretaceous and that by the Late Santonian-Early Campanian its four main clades were already represented in the fossil record.
Abstract: The Asteridae is a group of some 80,000 species of flowering plants characterized by their fused corollas and iridoid compounds. Recent phylogenetic analyses have helped delimit the group and have identified four main clades within it; Cornales, Ericales, Lamiids and Campanulids, with the last two collectively known as the Euasteridae. A search for the oldest fossils representing asterids yielded a total of 261 records. Each of these fossils was evaluated as to the reliability of its identification. The oldest accepted fossils for each clade were used to estimate minimum ages for the whole of the Asteridae. The results suggest that the Asteridae dates back to at least the Turonian, Late Cretaceous (89.3 mya) and that by the Late Santonian-Early Campanian (83.5 mya) its four main clades were already represented in the fossil record.
TL;DR: In search for the sister group of the Asteraceae, morphological evidence was assembled for investigating the relationship between the Aster Families and those families most frequently considered to be sister groups.
Abstract: In search for the sister group of the Asteraceae, morphological evidence was assembled for investigating the relationship between the Asteraceae and those families most frequently considered to be ...