TL;DR: This work focuses on the major evolutionary lineages within Lessingia (sensu Lane 1992) and the higher-level relationships of the genus and presumed close relatives using sequence data from the 18S–26S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the 3’ end (561–563 bp) of the external transcribedSpacer (ETS).
Abstract: The apparent recency of diversification of Californian Lessingia (Compositae, Astereae) makes the genus a particularly interesting group for evolutionary investigation. Here we focus on the major evolutionary lineages within Lessingia (sensu Lane 1992) and the higher-level relationships of the genus and presumed close relatives using sequence data from the 18S–26S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the 3’ end (561–563 bp) of the external transcribed spacer (ETS). We present new 3‘ETS primers that are useful across Astereae and examine the phylogenetic utility of the 3‘ETS in Lessingia and close relatives. In Lessingia, the 3‘ETS region appears to have evolved up to 1.4 times more rapidly by nucleotide substitution than has the ITS region. Our results show that data from the ETS greatly augments data from the ITS region; the combined data set yields the best resolved and best supported molecular trees for Lessingia. These topologies lead us to five conclusio...
TL;DR: It is found that all sampled species of Nannoglottis are a well-defined monophyly, and the molecular infragenetic phylogeny of the genus identifies two distinct clades, which reject the earlier infrageneric classification based on the arrangement of the involucral bracts and the length of the ligules, but agree well with the habits and ecological preferences of its current species.
TL;DR: Electrophoretic analysis of 17 enzyme systems in five species of Machaeranthera, in which n = 4, 5, and 9, and two species of Aster, demonstrates that all of these species have the same number of gene loci specifying the tested enzymes.
Abstract: Differences in the gametic chromosome numbers (n = 4, 5, 9) of species in the Astereae tribe of the Compositae have been variously interpreted. One hypothesis proposes that n = 9 was the original base number of the group and that the lower numbers resulted from aneuploid reduction. The alternative hypothesis asserts that the ancestral base number was n = 4 or n = 5 and that species in which n = 9 are allotetraploids derived by hybridization between taxa with the lower numbers. Electrophoretic analysis of 17 enzyme systems in five species of Machaeranthera, in which n = 4, 5, and 9, and two species of Aster in which n = 5 and 9, demonstrates that all of these species have the same number of gene loci specifying the tested enzymes. The absence of isozyme multiplicity in the species in which n = 9 suggests that they did not arise by polyploidy.
TL;DR: This work describes the phytochemical, morphological, taxonomical and functional Significance of Stem Features Within the Dicotyledons as well as investigating their role in woodiness and Paedomorphosis.
Abstract: 1. Introduction to Volume 2 2. Monographic Descriptions Actinidiaceae Adoxaceae Apiaceae Aquifoliaceae Araliaceae Asteraceae - Mutisieae - Cardueae - Lactuceae - Inuleae - Gnaphalieae - Calenduleae - Astereae - Anthemideae - Senecioneae - Heleniae - Heliantheae - Eupatorieae - Tageteae - Summary Balsaminaceae Boraginaceae Callitrichaceae Campanulaceae Caprifoliaceae Clethraceae Convolvulaceae Cornaceae Diapensiaceae Diervillaceae Dipsacaceae Ebenaceae Frankeniaceae Garryaceae Hippuridaceae Hydrangeaceae Lamiaceae Lentibulariaceae Linnaeaceae Myrsinaceae Oleaceae Orobanchaceae Plantaginaceae Polemoniaceae Rafflesiaceae Roridulaceae Sapotaceae Sarraceniaceae Scrophulariaceae Solanaceae Styracaceae Valerianaceae Verbenaceae 3. Ecological, Morphological, Taxonomical and Functional Significance of Stem Features Within the Dicotyledons 4. Anatomical Adaptations to Environmental Conditions 5. Ontogeny of the Xylem 6. Secondary Woodiness and Paedomorphosis 7. Conclusions References Alphabetic List of Species