TL;DR: The monoclonal antibody-based ELISA technique was successfully used to screen for low levels of ochratoxin A in the black Aspergilli without concentrating the culture filtrates, confirmed by TLC and HPLC analysis and chemical derivatization.
Abstract: One hundred and fifty-seven strains belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri were tested for ochratoxin A production using three different methods: a relatively new immunochemical method based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The monoclonal antibody-based ELISA technique was successfully used to screen for low levels of ochratoxin A in the black Aspergilli without concentrating the culture filtrates. The results were confirmed by TLC and HPLC analysis and chemical derivatization. These latter methods required concentrated filtrates. Ochratoxin A was detected in the culture filtrates of five of the 12 A. carbonarius strains, none of the 45 A.japonicus strains and three of the 100 isolates in the A. niger aggregate (A. foetidus, A. awamori and A. niger).
TL;DR: The possible use of xylanase from Aspergillus foetidus MTCC 4898 as a bread improver was tested in whole wheat bread and sensory evaluation indicated better flavour, taste, softness and overall acceptability.
TL;DR: The investigations reveal that the process of decolorization is concomitant with the exponential growth phase of the fungus and has requirement for a biodegradable substrate such as glucose and suggests that dye uptake process mediated by A. foetidus has a potential for large-scale treatment of textile mill discharges.
TL;DR: The strain was able to produce extracellular xylanases on birchwood xylan as well as on cellulose rich substrates also with very poor cellulase production but significantly improved thermostability at 50 and 60 °C.
Abstract: This study investigates the current spoilage fruit fungi and their plant cell wall degrading enzymes of various fresh postharvest fruits sold in Jeddah city and share in establishment of a fungal profile of fruits. Ten fruit spoilage fungi were isolated and identified as follows Fusarium oxysporum (banana and grape), Aspergillus japonicus (pokhara and apricot), Aspergillus oryzae (orange), Aspergillus awamori (lemon), Aspergillus phoenicis (tomato), Aspergillus tubingensis (peach), Aspergillus niger (apple), Aspergillus flavus (mango), Aspergillus foetidus (kiwi) and Rhizopus stolonifer (date). The plant cell wall degrading enzymes xylanase, polygalacturonase, cellulase and α-amylase were screened in the cell-free broth of all tested fungi cultured on their fruit peels and potato dextrose broth (PDB) as media. Xylanase and polygalacturonase had the highest level contents as compared to the cellulase and α-amylase. In conclusion, Aspergillus spp. are widespread and the fungal polygalacturonases and xylanses are the main enzymes responsible for the spoilage of fruits.