ARROW waveguide

Abstract: Two numerical methods, the reflection pole method (RPM) and the wavevector density method (WDM), are introduced for determining the propagation constants of guided and leaky modes in lossless and lossy planar multilayer waveguides. These methods are based on the extraction of propagation constants from Lorentzian-type peaks of the reflection coefficient (RPM) or on the density of wavevectors of the structure (WDM). Furthermore, in the case of the RPM the propagation constants can be determined with the help of the phase variation of the denominator of the reflection coefficient in conjunction with an optimization procedure. Both methods are tested on numerically "challenging" multilayer waveguides such as a two-metal-layer waveguide, a multilayer lossy waveguide, and an ARROW waveguide. The results produced by both methods are in good agreement with other numerical techniques but are obtained without the need for solving a dispersion equation in the complex plane. In addition, an approximate but easily implementable method is proposed which verifies whether a cluster of radiation modes can be accurately represented by a single leaky mode.

Abstract: Propagation characteristics of novel single-mode slab waveguides, ARROW (antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides), ARROW-B, and their modified configurations, are investigated. The dispersion and radiation loss characteristics, field profile, confinement factor, and spot size of these ARROW-type waveguides are analyzed in detail by a mode analysis method using the system interference matrix. Approximate expressions for these characteristics are obtained in simple forms, which provide useful suggestions for the design of these waveguides. Possible combinations of materials and design conditions of ARROW-type waveguides are discussed on the basis of these results. >

Abstract: The reduction of the propagation loss of an antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) to 0.3 dB/cm in a short-wavelength band by using transparent TiO/sub 2//SiO/sub 2/ interference cladding is discussed. An analysis method for ARROW is developed to analyze its propagation characteristics. Two uncoupled parallel ARROWs were stacked with 2- mu m spacing, to obtain three-dimensional optical interconnection. >

Abstract: This paper describes two novel integrated optic sensing applications based on antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) structures, for both direct and indirect liquid probing. Firstly, an evanescent-field refractometric sensor, based on a properly designed ARROW waveguide, will be proposed. Secondly, a new hollow optical waveguide based on antiresonant reflection, will be presented. The sensors have been designed, fabricated, and characterized, as it will be illustrated further.