TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an introduction to the discipline of arithmetic dynamics, the study of the number-theoretic properties of rational and algebraic points under repeated application of a polynomial or rational function.
Abstract: * Provides an entry for graduate students into an active field of research
* Each chapter includes exercises, examples, and figures
* Will become a standard reference for researchers in the field
* Contains descriptions of many known results and conjectures, together with an extensive bibliography
This book provides an introduction to the relatively new discipline of arithmetic dynamics. Whereas classical discrete dynamics is the study of iteration of self-maps of the complex plane or real line, arithmetic dynamics is the study of the number-theoretic properties of rational and algebraic points under repeated application of a polynomial or rational function.
A principal theme of arithmetic dynamics is that many of the fundamental problems in the theory of Diophantine equations have dynamical analogs. As is typical in any subject combining Diophantine problems and geometry, a fundamental goal is to describe arithmetic properties, at least qualitatively, in terms of underlying geometric structures.
Key features:
- Provides an entry for graduate students into an active field of research
- Provides a standard reference source for researchers
- Includes numerous exercises and examples
- Contains a description of many known results and conjectures, as well as an extensive glossary, bibliography, and index
This graduate-level text assumes familiarity with basic algebraic number theory. Other topics, such as basic algebraic geometry, elliptic curves, nonarchimedean analysis, and the theory of Diophantine approximation, are introduced and referenced as needed. Mathematicians and graduate students will find this text to be an excellent reference.
TL;DR: The main concepts in affine arithmetic are explained and how it handles the dependency problem in standard interval arithmetic is explained.
Abstract: Affine arithmetic is a model for self-validated numerical computation that keeps track of first-order correlations between computed and input quantities. We explain the main concepts in affine arithmetic and how it handles the dependency problem in standard interval arithmetic. We also describe some of its applications.
Abstract: This book presents highlights of recent work in arithmetic algebraic geometry by some of the world's leading mathematicians. Together, these 2016 lectures—which were delivered in celebration of the tenth anniversary of the annual summer workshops in Alpbach, Austria—provide an introduction to high-level research on three topics: Shimura varieties, hyperelliptic continued fractions and generalized Jacobians, and Faltings heights and L-functions. The book consists of notes, written by young researchers, on three sets of lectures or minicourses given at Alpbach. The first course contains recent results dealing with the local Langlands conjecture. The fundamental question is whether for a given datum there exists a so-called local Shimura variety. In some cases, they exist in the category of rigid analytic spaces; in others, one has to use Scholze's perfectoid spaces. The second course addresses the famous Pell equation—not in the classical setting but rather with the so-called polynomial Pell equation, where the integers are replaced by polynomials in one variable with complex coefficients, which leads to the study of hyperelliptic continued fractions and generalized Jacobians. The third course originates in the Chowla–Selberg formula and relates values of the L-function for elliptic curves with the height of Heegner points on the curves. It proves the Gross–Zagier formula on Shimura curves and verifies the Colmez conjecture on average.
TL;DR: In this paper, Shiu's result has been generalized to sub-multiplicative functions of polynomial values in a short interval, and the authors weaken the property of submultiplicativity significantly to appreciably widen the range of application of such a result.
Abstract: uniformly for 1 6 q 6 y. This result has turned out to be very useful in a wide range of applications. A closer inspection of its proof reveals, in the case q = 1, that : (a) g needs only be sub-multiplicative, i.e. g(mn) 6 g(m)g(n) for (m,n) = 1 with g(1) = 1 ; (b) the constant implicit in the ⌧ sign depends only on A, B and ↵ ; (c) given ↵, condition (ii) above need only hold for a particular " = "(↵). Shiu’s result has been generalised by Nair [5] to sub-multiplicative functions of polynomial values in a short interval. In this paper, we weaken the property of sub-multiplicativity significantly to appreciably widen the range of application of such a result. Consider, for any fixed k 2 N, the class Mk(A,B, ") of non-negative arithmetic functions F (n1, . . . , nk) such that