Areca triandra

Abstract: Introduction The fruits of Areca catechu, also called areca nuts, are widely used as popular masticatory and traditional herbal medicine in Asia. Besides arecoline and related alkaloids, limited information is available about further primary and secondary metabolites and their potential biological activities. Objective Here we aimed to further enhance our knowledge on phytochemical profiles of A. catechu and Areca triandra fruits. We intended to comprehensively identify metabolites in A. catechu and A. triandra fruits. Methodology Metabolites were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The occurrence of 12 selected bioactive compounds in 4 different developmental stages of A. catechu and A. triandra was quantified by LC-MS/MS. Results A total of 791 metabolites was identified. Of these, 115 metabolites could successfully be mapped to 44 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathways, and 154 metabolites occurred at significantly different levels in A. catechu compared to A. triandra. Several components with known biological activities were identified for the first time in A. catechu and A. triandra. The abundance of many of these new components was similar in A. catechu and A. triandra, but significantly different between the pericarp and the seeds of A. catechu fruits. Conclusions Metabolic profiles indicate that fruits of the Areca species compared here have similar primary and secondary metabolites. Our findings provide new insights into A. catechu and A. triandra as valuable sources for traditional medicine and they pave the way for further studies to potentially improve the underlying pharmaceutical and physiological effects.

Abstract: Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham., a wild relative of cultivated arecanut (Areca catechu L.) is known as a resistant source for fruit rot caused by Phytophthora meadii Mc Rae. However, during monsoon 2019–20, a heavy shedding of immature nuts with whitish mycelial growth was observed from A. triandra plantations in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India. Pure culture of the associated oomycete was isolated from the symptomatic nuts and pathogenicity was confirmed. Based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences the pathogen was identified as P. palmivora E. J. Butler. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Phytophthora palmivora infecting Areca triandra in the world.

Abstract: Activated carbon was prepared from Areca triandra palm shell (ATPS) by chemical activation with sulphuric acid, and its application for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution was investigated. FTIR spectral analysis and Boehm titrations were used to examine the oxygenated surface functional groups tailored to adsorb cationic toxins from solutions, point of zero charge estimated the surface charge for electronic affinity induced by chemical treatment. BET and SEM analyses revealed mesoporous adsorbent with homogenous pores and the BET surface area is 27.3 m2/g. The influence of process parameters, namely contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH was evaluated by batch adsorption studies. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted with three isotherm models, among them Langmuir isotherm model best fitted and the maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue was found to be 312.5 mg/g. The kinetic adsorption data best fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics ou...

Abstract: Areca nuts (seeds of Areca catechu L.) are a traditional and popular masticatory in India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, certain parts of China, and some other countries. Four related pyridine alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacoline, and guvacine) are considered being the main functional ingredients in areca nut. Until now, A. catechu is the only known species producing these alkaloids in the Arecaceae family. In the present study, we investigated alkaloid contents in 12 Arecaceae species and found that only Areca triandra Roxb. contained these pyridine alkaloids. We further analyzed in more detail tissue-specific and development-related distribution of these alkaloids in leaves, male and female flowers and fruits in different stages of maturity in A. triandra by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results revealed that the alkaloids were most abundant in young leaves, the pericarp of ripe fruits and the endosperm of unripe fruits in developmental stage 2. Abundance of the 4 different alkaloids in A. triandra fruits varied during maturation. Pericarps of ripe fruits had the highest arecaidine concentration (4.45 mg g−1) and the lowest guvacoline concentration (0.0175 mg g−1), whereas the endosperm of unripe fruits of developmental stage 2 contained the highest guvacoline concentration (3.39 mg g−1) and the lowest guvacine concentration (0.245 mg g−1). We conclude that A. triandra is useful in future as a further valuable source of Areca alkaloids.