Topic
Arcobacter
About: Arcobacter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 629 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23707 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: It is proposed that the emended genus Campylobacter should be limited to campylobacters, which are far removed from the gram-negative bacteria allocated to the five rRNA superfamilies sensu De Ley and probably constitute a distinct genus within rRNA superfamily VI.
Abstract: Hybridization experiments were carried out between DNAs from more than 70 strains of Campylobacter spp. and related taxa and either 3H-labeled 23S rRNAs from reference strains belonging to Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter sputorum, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter nitrofigilis, an unnamed Campylobacter sp. strain, and a Wolinella succinogenes strain or 3H- or 14C-labeled 23S rRNAs from 13 gram-negative reference strains. An immunotyping analysis of 130 antigens versus 34 antisera of campylobacters and related taxa was also performed. We found that all of the named campylobacters and related taxa belong to the same phylogenetic group, which we name rRNA superfamily VI and which is far removed from the gram-negative bacteria allocated to the five rRNA superfamilies sensu De Ley. There is a high degree of heterogeneity within this rRNA superfamily. Organisms belonging to rRNA superfamily VI should be reclassified in several genera. We propose that the emended genus Campylobacter should be limited to Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter mucosalis, Campylobacter sputorum, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter Iari, and “Campylobacter upsaliensis.” Wolinella curva and Wolinella recta are transferred to the genus Campylobacter as Campylobacter curvus comb. nov. and Campylobacter rectus comb. nov., respectively. Bacteroides gracilis and Bacteroides ureolyticus are generically misnamed and are closely related to the genus Campylobacter. Campylobacter nitrofigilis, Campylobacter cryaerophila, and an unnamed Campylobacter sp. strain constitute a new genus, for which the name Arcobacter is proposed; this genus contains two species, Arcobacter nitrofigilis comb. nov. (type species) and Arcobacter cryaerophilus comb. nov. Wolinella succinogenes so far is the only species of the genus Wolinella. The genus Helicobacter is also emended; Campylobacter cinaedi and Campylobacter fennelliae are included in this genus as Helicobacter cinaedi comb. nov. and Helicobacter fennelliae comb. nov., respectively. The genus “Flexispira,” with “Flexispira rappini” as the only species, is closely related to the genus Helicobacter. The free-living, sulfur-reducing campylobacters do not belong to any of these genera; they probably constitute a distinct genus within rRNA superfamily VI.
735 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The Organization of the Clinical Bacteriology Laboratory: Quality Assurance and Safety in the Microbiology Laboratory, and some Selected Aspects of Light and Electronmicroscopy.
Abstract: PART a GENERAL SECTION: Organization of the Clinical Bacteriology Laboratory: Quality Assurance. Computers in Medical Microbiology. Safety in the Microbiology Laboratory. Laboratory Strategy in the Diagnosis of Infective Syndromes. Specimen Collection, Culture Containers and Media. Culture of Bacteria. Tests for the Identification of Bacteria. Laboratory Control of Antimicrobial Therapy. Some Serological Techniques for Microbial and Viral Infections. Nucleic Acid Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology PART B BACTERIA and RELATED ORGANISMS: Staphylococcus: Cluster Forming Gram-Positive Cocci. Streptococcus and Enterococcus. Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Neisseria, Moraxella, Acinetobacter. Corynebacterium. Listeria, Erysipelothrix. Bacillus. Mycobacterium. Actinomycetes: Actinomyces, Actinomadra, Nocardia, Streptomyces and Related Genera. Enterobacteriacea: Escherichia, Kelbsiella, Proteus and Other Genera. Salmonella. Shigella. Psuedomonas, Stenotrophomas, Burkholderia. Vibrio: Aeromonas: Plesiomonas: Campylobacter: Arcobacter: Hel Icobacter: Wolinella. Haemophilus, Gardnerella and Other Bacilli. Bordetella. Brucella. Yersinia, Pasteurella, Francisella. Legionellaceae. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Other Gram-Negative Anaerobic Rods: Anaerobic Cocci: Identification of Anaerobes. Clostridia of Wound Infection. Enteropathogenic Clostridia and Clostridium Botulinum. Treponema: Serological Tests for Syphilis. Leptospira, Borrelia, Spirillum. Coxiella Burnetii and Other Medically Important Members for the Family Rickettsiaceae. Mycoplasma Pneumonaie and Other Medically Important Members of the Family Mycoplasmataceae. Chlamydia PART C VIRUSES: Laboratory Diagnosis of Virus Infections. Rapid Diagnosis of Viral Infections. Cell and Virus Culture PART D FUNGI: Fungi PART E PROTOZOA: Protozoa PART F HELMINTHS: Helminths PART G GENERAL METHODS: Immunofluorescence and Immunoelectronmicroscopy: Some Selected Aspects of Light and Electronmicroscopy. Staining Methods. Sterilization and Disinfection in the Laboratory. Ph Meas
689 citations
TL;DR: The genus Arcobacter has become increasingly important because its members are being considered emergent enteropathogens and/or potential zoonotic agents as well as on their virulence potential and implication in human and animal diseases.
Abstract: SUMMARY The genus Arcobacter , defined almost 20 years ago from members of the genus Campylobacter , has become increasingly important because its members are being considered emergent enteropathogens and/or potential zoonotic agents. Over recent years information that is relevant for microbiologists, especially those working in the medical and veterinary fields and in the food safety sector, has accumulated. Recently, the genus has been enlarged with several new species. The complete genomes of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter nitrofigilis are available, with the former revealing diverse pathways characteristic of free-living microbes and virulence genes homologous to those of Campylobacter. The first multilocus sequence typing analysis showed a great diversity of sequence types, with no association with specific hosts or geographical regions. Advances in detection and identification techniques, mostly based on molecular methods, have been made. These microbes have been associated with water outbreaks and with indicators of fecal pollution, with food products and water as the suspected routes of transmission. This review updates this knowledge and provides the most recent data on the taxonomy, species diversity, methods of detection, and identification of these microbes as well as on their virulence potential and implication in human and animal diseases.
464 citations
TL;DR: Avoidance of infection during rearing relies mostly on careful attention to hygiene, exclusion of vermin and a clean water supply, but comparisons of types infecting humans and animals indicate that there are other important sources of human infection, particularly cattle.
Abstract: Approximately 80% of raw chickens sold in the UK are contaminated with thermophilic campylobacters and they can be found on carcasses at levels as high as several thousand per cm 2 of skin. Thus, although they do not multiply on meat, they have a low infectious dose, so that human infection from undercooked meat, or as a result of handling raw poultry, is common. The precise contribution of poultry to human infection is not clear, but comparisons of types infecting humans and animals indicate that there are other important sources of human infection, particularly cattle. Rates of contamination of raw poultry meat with Arcobacter species and Helicobacter pullorum are also very high. Thermophilic campylobacters and H. pullorum colonize the chicken gut and rarely cause disease in poultry. Arcobacter species often appear to be environmental contaminants rather than part of the natural gut flora of poultry, although A. butzleri, in particular, can cause intestinal infections and abortion in humans. Thermophilic campylobacters arc not generally thought to be transmitted vertically via eggs, nor via feed or litter, provided rearing houses are cleaned and disinfected between flocks, and litter renewed. Flocks usually become infected at about 3 weeks of age. Every bird is usually rapidly colonized, with high levels (10 6 -10 7 cfu/g) in the caccal contents. The source of infection can be via unchlorinated water, but in situations where the water supply is not to blame, the precise source of infection is seldom identified. Infection could be via wild birds, rodents, or from farm operatives via boots or clothing. Infection has sometimes been associated with 'thinning' of flocks about a week prior to slaughter. Avoidance of infection during rearing therefore relies mostly on careful attention to hygiene, exclusion of vermin and a clean water supply. During transport, slaughter and dressing, Campylobacter-negative flocks can readily be contaminated from positive flocks. Contamination can be reduced by improved disinfection of transport crates, slaughter of uninfected flocks prior to infected flocks, and by careful attention to major points of cross-contamination on the line. A more effective measure would be to use a terminal decontamination step, such as trisodium phosphate, lactic acid, reduced pressure steam or gamma irradiation.
457 citations
TL;DR: A rapid screening of 77 aerotolerant Arcobacter strains revealed five major groups, which were identified by using DNA-DNA hybridization data as A. butzleri strains and strains belonging to one of the electrophoretic subgroups of A. cryaerophilus had similar fatty acid contents, and an analysis of fatty acid compositions allowed clear-cut differentiation of all of the other groups.
Abstract: The relationships of 77 aerotolerant Arcobacter strains that were originally identified as Campylobacter cryaerophila (now Arcobacter cryaerophilus [P. Vandamme, E. Falsen, R. Rossau, B. Hoste, P. Segers, R. Tytgat, and J. De Ley, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41:88-103, 1991]) and 6 reference strains belonging to the taxa Arcobacter nitrofigilis, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and “Campylobacter butzleri” were studied by using a polyphasic approach, in which we performed DNA-rRNA hybridizations, DNA-DNA hybridizations, a numerical analysis of whole-cell protein patterns after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, an analysis of cellular fatty acid compositions, and a phenotypic analysis and determined DNA base ratios. Our results indicate that “C. butzleri” should be transferred to the genus Arcobacter as Arcobacter butzleri comb. nov., as was suggested by Kiehlbauch and coworkers (J. A. Kiehlbauch, D. J. Brenner, M. A. Nicholson, C. N. Baker, C. M. Patton, A. G. Steigerwalt, and I. K. Wachsmuth, J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:376-385, 1991). A rapid screening of all strains in which we used the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique revealed five major groups, which were identified by using DNA-DNA hybridization data as A. cryaerophilus (two distinct electrophoretic subgroups), A. butzleri, A. nitrofigilis, and a new species, for which we propose the name Arcobacter skirrowii. The phylogenetic position within rRNA superfamily VI was established for each species. A. butzleri strains and strains belonging to one of the electrophoretic subgroups of A. cryaerophilus had similar fatty acid contents. An analysis of fatty acid compositions allowed clear-cut differentiation of all of the other groups. All of the species could be distinguished by using classical phenotypic tests, although erroneous identifications due to a shortage of clear-cut differentiating tests could occur.
415 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 3 |
| 2024 | 13 |
| 2023 | 19 |
| 2022 | 30 |
| 2021 | 24 |
| 2020 | 32 |