TL;DR: This book aims to provide a practical, working guide to the taxa of the Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae, in such a form as to facilitate usage by both specialist taxonomists and general nematologists.
Abstract: The Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae are groups of nematodes that include almost 1000 species from some 40 genera. A number are of known agricultural importance, both in their own right as parasites of fungi or higher plants and/or as vectors of certain plant viruses. This book aims to provide a practical, working guide to the taxa of the Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae, in such a form as to facilitate usage by both specialist taxonomists and general nematologists.
TL;DR: Nematode-insect associations have evolved many times in the phylum Nematoda, but these lineages involve plant parasitism only in the Secernentean orders Aphelenchida and Tylenchida.
Abstract: Nematode-insect associations have evolved many times in the phylum Nematoda, but these lineages involve plant parasitism only in the Secernentean orders Aphelenchida and Tylenchida. In the Aphelenchida (Aphelenchoidoidea), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Pine wood nematode), B. cocophilus (Red ring or Coconut palm nematode) (Parasitaphelenchidae), and the many potential host-specific species of Schistonchus (fig nematodes) (Aphelenchoididae) nematode-insect interactions probably evolved independently from dauer-forming, mycophagous ancestors that were phoretically transmitted to breeding sites of their insect hosts in plants. Mycophagy probably gave rise to facultative or obligate plant-parasitism because of opportunities due to insect host switches or peculiarities in host behavior. In the Tylenchida, there is one significant radiation of insect-associated plant parasites involving Fergusobia nematodes (Fergusobiinae: Neotylenchidae) and Fergusonina (Fergusoninidae) flies as mutualists that gall myrtaceous plant buds or leaves. These dicyclic nematodes have different phases that are parasitic in either the insect or the plant hosts. The evolutionary origin of this association is unclear.
TL;DR: Adults and immature stages of Bursaphelenchus kevini n.
Abstract: SUMMARY Adults and immature stages of Bursaphelenchus kevini n. sp., an associate of Halictus spp., are described and illustrated. B. kevini n. sp. developed and reproduced on two of seven fungi tested and did best on Monilinia fructicola followed by a Fusarium sp. Generation time, from second-stage juvenile (52) to J2 eclosion of the next generation is eight days on M. fructicola grown on potato dextrose agar at 250. Biometrics of adults were compared from 14 and 28 day old cultures O€ B. kevini n. sp. grown on M. fructicola at 250. Isolates from Halictus from three different localities (Davis, California ; Parma, Idaho ; and Newberg, Oregon) were also compared. RESUME Bursaphelenchus kevini n. sp. (Aphelenchida : Aphelenchoididae), associe’ aux abeilles du genre Halictus (Hyme