Anthriscus

Abstract: Since the tribe Caucalideae was recognized by Bentham and later Boissier for those species of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with spines, hooks, tubercles or bristly hairs on the primary and/or secondary ridges of their fruits, there has been considerable disagreement as to its proper circumscription, the relation- ships among its members, and the delimitation of certain genera. A recent checklist of the group recognized 68 species in 21 genera; a previous molecular systematic study, however, excluded Aphanopleura and Psam- mogeton from the tribe. Phylogenetic relationships among all but one of the 19 remaining genera (material from the rare, monotypic genus Angoseseli was not available for examination) and representatives from pu- tatively allied tribes Scandiceae, Laserpitieae, Apieae, and Smyrnieae were inferred from nucleotide sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer regions of 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA. In all, 29 genera representing 58 taxa were examined. Phylogenies estimated using maximum parsimony, maximum likeli- hood, and neighbor-joining methods give trees of essentially similar topology, and reveal three major lineages of equivocal relationship: (1) Agrocharis, Ammodaucus, Artedia, Cuminum, Daucus, Laser, Laserpitium, Orlaya, Polylophium, Pseudorlaya, and Pachyctenium; (2) Astrodaucus, Caucalis, Chaetosciadium, Glochidotheca, Lisaea, Szov- itsia, Torilis, Turgenia, and Yabea; and (3) Anthriscus, Kozlovia, Myrrhis, Osmorhiza, and Scandix. These groups are provisionally named the Daucus, Torilis, and Scandix subclades, respectively, of a previously delimited Daucus clade. The first subclade contains representatives of Drude's tribe Laserpitieae, whereas the third subclade coincides with Heywood's tribe Scandiceae. Based on those species included in the study, the genera Daucus, Laserpitium, and Torilis are each not monophyletic. Members of tribe Caucalideae Spreng. (Apiaceae; Umbelliferae) are distributed throughout Europe, the Mediterranean region, and southwestern and central Asia, with a few outlying members in North America. Of the 21 genera and 68 species listed in the most recent checklist for the tribe (V. Heywood and S. Jury in Heywood 1982c; Table 1), Daucus is the largest genus with 21 species, followed by To- rilis with 10 species. Daucus is also by far the most economically important member of the tribe, if not the entire family. Three species of Caucalideae are native to the New World: Daucus montanus Humb. & Bonpl., D. pusillus Michx., and Yabea microcarpa (Hook. & Arn.) Koso-Pol. Classification of Apiaceae has been based largely on anatomical and morphological features of the mature fruit (Heywood and Dakshini 1971; Hey-

Abstract: Dried rhizomes of Anthriscus sylvestris contained 0.39% deoxypodophyllotoxin (1). An isolation procedure with an extraction efficiency of 51.2% was developed for this commercially unavailable lignan. The isolated 1 was subsequently complexed with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin and fed to cell suspension cultures of Linum flavum by which it was bioconverted into 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin-β-d-glucoside (2). After 7 days the cells contained 4.41% of this product on a dry-weight basis. An isolation procedure for compound 2 was developed, with an extraction efficiency of 83.4%.

Abstract: SUMMARY Parsnip yellow fleck virus (PYFV) is the commonest cause of virus-like symptoms in parsnip plants in Britain: it is sap-transmissible but systemically infects few species outside the Umbelliferae. It has isometric particles 29–31 mμ in diameter, a sedimentation coefficient of 167s, and loses infectivity in sap after dilution to 10-3-10-4, heating for 10 min at 57·5–65°C, or storage at room temperature for 4–7 days. Two isolates, from parsnip and Anthriscus sylvestris respectively, are only distantly serologically related. The aphid Cavariella aegopodii transmits PYFV in a semi-persistent manner from A. sylvestris but not from parsnip. Transmission by aphids apparently depends on the presence in A. sylvestris or other source plants of a second virus, anthriscus yellows (AYV), which is persistent in the vector and not manually transmissible. PYFV was therefore not transmitted by aphids from manually inoculated plants or from parsnip or other plants immune to AYV. In controlled experiments, C. aegopodii transmitted PYFV (both A. sylvestris and parsnip isolates) from chervil plants inoculated separately with PYFV and AYV, but not from plants inoculated only with PYFV.

Abstract: Traditional uses of wild edible plants in daily diets are common in Eastern Anatolia. It is well known that more than 40 different plant species have been used as fresh vegetable, dried herbs, and pickled plants in some sole or mixed milk and meat products. The major use of wild edible plants is Van herby cheese in this region. To date, the mineral compositions of wild edible plants used in Van herby cheese production have been studied individually. In the present study, the plants were grouped by their plant families and their mineral compositions were determined. Therefore, variations and relations of minerals among the plants belonging to the same family were evaluated. The most used and well-known Apiaceae members such as Anethum graveolens L., Anthriscus sp., Chaerophyllum macropodum, F. haussknechtii H.Wolff ex Rech.f., Ferula rigidula DC., Heracleum persicum, Hippomarathrum microcarpum, Pimpinella aurea DC, and Prangos ferulacea L. were analyzed for their macro- and microelement concentrations (Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Mg, N, Na, P, S, and Zn). Additionally, some food quality aspects (e.g., dry matter, total ash contents, crude protein contents, pH, and crude fiber contents) were also evaluated in the plant samples. In conclusion, plant samples analyzed had impressive diversity for mineral compositions and other properties. It can be concluded that these plentiful variations among plants belonging to the same family could have resulted from individual genetic structure, different growing conditions, and plants parts.