Topic
Anthracimycin
About: Anthracimycin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4 publications have been published within this topic receiving 144 citations. The topic is also known as: Anthracimycin.
Papers
TL;DR: Chlorination of anthracimycin gives a dichloro derivative that retains activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as anthrax, but also shows activity against selected Gram-negative bacteria.
Abstract: The human infectious disease anthrax is caused by the sporeforming, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The disease, which is most common in those that handle infected farm animals, has also been used as a bioterrorism weapon. In 2001, just a week after the World Trade Center attacks, anthrax was deliberately spread through the US postal system by sending letters with powdered B. anthracis spores. This caused 22 cases of anthrax infection and ultimately claimed five lives. [1] Depending upon the method of exposure (inhalation of spores and direct bacterial contact, among others) B. anthracis infections can require prolonged treatment often for six months with a variety of antibiotics. The pulmonary form of anthrax is considered a medical emergency that may require continuous intravenous therapy with potent antibiotics. In the event of a bioterrorism attack, individuals exposed to B. anthracis will be given antibiotics prior to the onset of the illness. A vaccine has been developed but is not yet available to the general public. [2] Given the severity of this disease, and the fact that it can be spread by aerosol dispersal, the development of effective new antibiotics remains a high priority. As a resource for developing microbial antibiotics, we have focused our efforts on marine microorganisms, particularly those that are in the deep oceans. Examination of a Streptomyces species (our strain CNH365), isolated from near-shore marine sediments found near Santa Barbara, CA, showed that culture extracts possessed significant activity against B. anthracis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in broth dilution assays. Subsequent fractionation of the extract following antibacterial activities yielded a pure
117 citations
TL;DR: Although its postantibiotic effects were minimal, anthracimycin exhibited potent and rapid bactericidal activity, with a >4-log kill of USA300 MRSA within 3 h at five times its MIC.
Abstract: Anthracimycin is a recently discovered novel marine-derived compound with activity against Bacillus anthracis. We tested anthracimycin against an expanded panel of Staphylococcus aureus strains in vitro and in vivo. All strains of S. aureus tested, including methicillin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant strains of S. aureus, were susceptible to anthracimycin at MIC values of ⩽0.25 mg l(-1). Although its postantibiotic effects were minimal, anthracimycin exhibited potent and rapid bactericidal activity, with a >4-log kill of USA300 MRSA within 3 h at five times its MIC. At concentrations significantly below the MIC, anthracimycin slowed MRSA growth and potentiated the bactericidal activity of the human cathelicidin, LL-37. The bactericidal activity of anthracimycin was somewhat mitigated in the presence of 20% human serum, and the compound was minimally toxic to human cells, with an IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50)=70 mg l(-1) against human carcinoma cells. At concentrations near the MIC, anthracimycin inhibited S. aureus nucleic acid synthesis as determined by optimized macromolecular synthesis methodology, with inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis occurring in the absence of DNA intercalation. Anthracimycin at a single dose of 1 or 10 mg kg(-1) was able to protect mice from MRSA-induced mortality in a murine peritonitis model of infection. Anthracimycin provides an interesting new scaffold for future development of a novel MRSA antibiotic.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potent antimicrobial extract of a culture of the marine derived actinomycete Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus M-169 was fractionated by reversed phase flash chromatography and preparative HPLC to yield the new Gram-positive antibiotic, anthracimycin B (1), together with its congener, AnthracIMycin (2), and the structure of the new compound was established by analysis of its ESI-TOF MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectra.
Abstract: The potent antimicrobial extract of a culture of the marine derived actinomycete Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus M-169 was fractionated by reversed phase flash chromatography and preparative HPLC to yield the new Gram-positive antibiotic, anthracimycin B (1), together with its congener, anthracimycin (2). The structure of the new compound was established by analysis of its ESI-TOF MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and comparison with data published for anthracimycin and anthracimycin BII-2619 (3). Notably, anthracimycin seemed to be the major and almost unique component of the extract detected by HPLC-UV-MS, making our S. cyanofuscatus strain an excellent candidate for further biosynthetic studies of this potent antibiotic.
37 citations
TL;DR: The human infectious disease anthrax is caused by the sporeforming, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis and has also been used as a bioterrorism weapon as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The human infectious disease anthrax is caused by the sporeforming, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The disease, which is most common in those that handle infected farm animals, has also been used as a bioterrorism weapon. In 2001, just a week after the World Trade Center attacks, anthrax was deliberately spread through the US postal system by sending letters with powdered B. anthracis spores. This caused 22 cases of anthrax infection and ultimately claimed five lives. [1] Depending upon the method of exposure (inhalation of spores and direct bacterial contact, among others) B. anthracis infections can require prolonged treatment often for six months with a variety of antibiotics. The pulmonary form of anthrax is considered a medical emergency that may require continuous intravenous therapy with potent antibiotics. In the event of a bioterrorism attack, individuals exposed to B. anthracis will be given antibiotics prior to the onset of the illness. A vaccine has been developed but is not yet available to the general public. [2] Given the severity of this disease, and the fact that it can be spread by aerosol dispersal, the development of effective new antibiotics remains a high priority. As a resource for developing microbial antibiotics, we have focused our efforts on marine microorganisms, particularly those that are in the deep oceans. Examination of a Streptomyces species (our strain CNH365), isolated from near-shore marine sediments found near Santa Barbara, CA, showed that culture extracts possessed significant activity against B. anthracis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in broth dilution assays. Subsequent fractionation of the extract following antibacterial activities yielded a pure
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2014 | 1 |
| 2013 | 2 |