Anthophyta

Abstract: The present paper complements the main bibliography (6). It contains list of 24 plant species and appropriate literature for it.

Abstract: It is estimated that Plant Kingdom has over half of million species including unicellular organisms, bryophytes, seedless vascular taxa and seed plants on the earth. Among them, approximately the half of the species are flowering plants. Especially, many flowering species of industrial importance belong to Anthophyta (=angiosperms), which contains around 50,000 in monocots and 200,000 species in dicots, respectively. Including the agriculturally important species for food and feed, only about thirty out of thousands of species, are heavily invested for R&D for agricultural and/or industrial uses. Particularly speaking about flower and ornamental plants, there is not much inputs in terms of critical mass and efforts compared with the industrial outcomes and benefits using them. The importance of the plant genetic resources is not only in the number of the available species, but also in the genetic diversity existing in each species, which could provide the precious genetic bases for the flower impr...

Abstract: Stigmatic exudate-eating chironomid flies (Smittia) and pollen-eating halodid beetles are the most common visitors to flowers ofPseudowintera colorata. Plants are self-incompatible. After selfing pollen tubes penetrate the nucellus; chase pollination experiments show that the incompatibility reaction occurs before fertilization. When pollen is applied to stigmas, the exudate dries rapidly and does not usually reappear. A review of anthophytes suggests that their common ancestor around 200 mya was bisexual and pollinated at least in part by nectar-seeking insects, possibly including flies. The angiosperm stigma appears to have evolved from a pollination drop mechanism via an adaxial stigmatic surface.