TL;DR: Development of the SIT for use against the boll weevil Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman and the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar has ended, but it is in progress for two sweetpotato weevil species.
Abstract: During the 1930s and 1940s the idea of releasing insects of pest species to introduce sterility (sterile insect technique or SIT) into wild populations, and thus control them, was independently conceived in three extremely diverse intellectual environments. The key researchers were A. S. Serebrovskii at Moscow State University, F. L. Vanderplank at a tsetse field research station in rural Tanganyika (now Tanzania), and E. F. Knipling of the United States Department of Agriculture. Serebrovskii’s work on chromosomal translocations for pest population suppression could not succeed in the catastrophic conditions in the USSR during World War II, after which he died. Vanderplank used hybrid sterility to suppress a tsetse population in a large field experiment, but lacked the resources to develop this method further. Knipling and his team exploited H. J. Muller’s discovery that ionizing radiation can induce dominant lethal mutations, and after World War II this approach was applied on an area-wide basis to eradicate the New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) in the USA, Mexico, and Central America. Since then very effective programmes integrating the SIT have been mounted against tropical fruit flies, some species of tsetse flies Glossina spp., the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), and the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.). In non-isolated onion fields in the Netherlands, the onion maggot Delia antiqua (Meigen) has since 1981 been suppressed by the SIT. In the 1970s there was much research conducted on mosquito SIT, which then went into “eclipse”, but now appears to be reviving. Development of the SIT for use against the boll weevil Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman and the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) has ended, but it is in progress for two sweetpotato weevil species, Cylas formicarius (F.) and Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire), the false codling moth Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick), the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller), the cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), the Old World screwworm Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve), additional Glossina spp., other Anastrepha spp. and Bactrocera spp. fruit flies, and other pest insects.
TL;DR: It is concluded that mass trapping has good potential to suppress or eradicate low-density, isolated pest populations; however, its full potential in pest management has not been adequately realized and therefore encourages further research and development of this technology.
Abstract: Semiochemical-based pest management programs comprise three major approaches that are being used to provide environmentally friendly control methods of insect pests: mass trapping, "lure and kill," and mating disruption. In this article, we review the potential of mass trapping in long-term pest management as well as in the eradication of invasive species. We discuss similarities and differences between mass trapping and other two main approaches of semiochemical-based pest management programs. We highlight several study cases where mass trapping has been used either in long-term pest management (e.g., codling moth,Cydiapomonella (L.); pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders); bark beetles, palm weevils, corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.); and fruit sies) or in eradication of invasive species (e.g., gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.); and boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman). We list the critical issues that affect the efÞcacy of mass trapping and compare these with previously published models developed to investigate mass trapping efÞcacy in pest control. We conclude that mass trapping has good potential to suppress or eradicate low-density, isolated pest populations; however, its full potential in pest management has not been adequately realized and therefore encourages further research and development of this technology.
TL;DR: The response of female boll weevil to males, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in laboratory bioassays can be reproduced by exposure to a mixture of compounds I, II, and either III or IV, all isolated from male weevils and their fecal material.
Abstract: The response of female boll weevils to males, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in laboratory bioassays can be reproduced by exposure to a mixture of compounds I, II, and either III or IV, all isolated from male weevils and their fecal material. The same response was elicited by mixtures of tile synthesized coimpounds. Compound I is (+)-cis-2-isopropenyl-l-methylcyclobtutaneethanol; II, cis-3,3-dimethiyl->(1,beta)cyclohexaneethanol; III, cis-3,3-dimethlyl->(1,alpha)-cyclohexaneacetaldehyde; and IV, trans-3,3-dimethyl->(1,alpha)-cyclohexanecetaldehyde.
TL;DR: A molecular and ecological investigation of the large arionid slugs of north west Europe and the role of predation in slug population dynamics and the potential of combinatorial antibody libraries in pest/predator relationship studies are investigated.
Abstract: Introduction Biochemical systematics: principles and perspectives for pest management Combined use of biochemical, immunological and molecular assays for infection, species identification and and resistance detection in field populations of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) Studies of interactions between alfalfa weevil strains, Wolbachia endosymbionts and parasitoids Biochemical approaches to the study of ecological genetics: the role of selection and gene flow in the evolution of insecticide resistance A molecular and ecological investigation of the large arionid slugs of north west Europe: the potential for new pests Systematics of brown planthopper and related species using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA Application of novel molecular markers (DNA) in agricultural entomology Location of resistance to Brevicoryne brassicae in wild brassica species The use of DNA markers in population genetics and ecological studies of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) The use of DNA analysis and the polymerase chain reaction in the study of introduced pests in New Zealand Serological analysis of arthropod predation: past, present and future Serological diagnosis of parasitism: a monoclonal antibody-based immunodot assay for Microplitis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Polyclonal, monoclonal and engineered antibodies to investigate the role of predation in slug population dynamics The potential of combinatorial antibody libraries in pest/predator relationship studies Serological analysis of predators of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs if sorghum-pigeonpea intercropping at ICRISAT, India: a preliminary field study Using gut content immunoassays to evaluate predaceous biological control agents: a case study An environmental risk assessment for release of an exotic microsporidium for European corn borer control in North America Progress in quantifying predation using antibody techniques Electrophoretic approaches to predator-prey interactions Genetics of esterases in laboratory and feral cotton boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Bohemia Practical applications for techniques to determine the nutritional state and age of field caught tsetse flies
TL;DR: Histological studies demonstrated that cholesterol oxidase lysed the boll weevil midgut epithelium, suggesting that this is the primary mechanism of lethality.